{"id":4563,"date":"2025-09-28T12:05:13","date_gmt":"2025-09-28T10:05:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/?p=4563"},"modified":"2026-10-22T12:06:37","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T10:06:37","slug":"xxx-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2025\/09\/28\/xxx-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"XXX (2025)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4563\" class=\"elementor elementor-4563\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-645ddf32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"645ddf32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e466e7b\" data-id=\"e466e7b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2556dc eael_simple_menu_hamburger_disable_selected_menu_no eael-simple-menu-hamburger-align-right eael-simple-menu-link-full-width eael-hamburger--tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-simple-menu\" data-id=\"b2556dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-simple-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n                        @media screen and (max-width: 1024px) {\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                                .eael-simple-menu-vertical {\n                                    display: none;\n                                }\n                            }\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-container .eael-simple-menu-toggle {\n                                    display: block;\n                                }\n                            }\n                        }\n                    <\/style><style>\n                        @media screen and (min-width: 1025px) {\n                        \/* Left aligned horizontal menus lay out with `float: left` on the\n                           items, so their list stays `block` - forcing flex here would\n                           take the items out of flow and break the row. Only centre and\n                           right aligned horizontal menus are inline-flex. *\/\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading > ul.eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading > ul.eael-simple-menu-vertical {\n                            display: block;\n                        }\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading.eael-simple-menu-align-center {\n                            text-align: center;\n                        }\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading.eael-simple-menu-align-right {\n                            text-align: right;\n                        }\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading.eael-simple-menu-align-center > ul.eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading.eael-simple-menu-align-right > ul.eael-simple-menu-horizontal {\n                            display: -webkit-inline-box;\n                            display: -ms-inline-flexbox;\n                            display: inline-flex;\n                        }\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading .eael-simple-menu-toggle,\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading .eael-simple-menu-toggle-text {\n                            display: none;\n                        }\n                        }\n                    <\/style>            <div data-hamburger-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-bars&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-indicator-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-angle-down&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-dropdown-indicator-icon=\"&lt;i class=&quot;fas fa-angle-down&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" class=\"eael-simple-menu-container eael-simple-menu--loading eael-simple-menu-align-left eael-simple-menu-dropdown-align-left preset-2 eael-simple-menu-link-full-width\" data-hamburger-breakpoints=\"{&quot;mobile&quot;:&quot;Mobile Portrait (&gt; 767px)&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;:&quot;Tablet Portrait (&gt; 1024px)&quot;,&quot;desktop&quot;:&quot;Desktop (&gt; 2400px)&quot;,&quot;none&quot;:&quot;None&quot;}\" data-hamburger-device=\"tablet\">\n                <ul id=\"menu-czasopismo-pcacd\" class=\"eael-simple-menu eael-simple-menu-dropdown-animate-to-top eael-simple-menu-indicator eael-simple-menu-vertical\"><li id=\"menu-item-154\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-154\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/03\/11\/czasopismo-progress-on-chemistry-and-application-of-chitin-and-its-derivatives\/\">O czasopi\u015bmie<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-155\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-155\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/03\/11\/informacje-dla-autorow\/\">Informacje dla autor\u00f3w<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-157\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-157\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/03\/11\/wytyczne-etyki-publikacyjnej\/\">Wytyczne etyki publikacyjnej<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-5550\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5550\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2026\/10\/14\/procedura-redakcyjna-i-wydawnicza\/\">Procedura redakcyjna i wydawnicza<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-156\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-156\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/03\/11\/rada-programowa\/\">Rada programowa<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3370\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3370\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/11\/30\/dotacje\/\">Dotacje<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-5267\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5267\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2026\/09\/29\/xxxi-2026\/\">XXXI (2026)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-4737\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4737\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2025\/09\/28\/xxx-2025\/\">XXX (2025)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-4503\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4503\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2024\/09\/30\/xxix-2024\/\">XXIX (2024)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3995\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3995\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2023\/09\/30\/xxviii-2023\/\">XXVIII (2023)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3297\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3297\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/10\/21\/xxvii-2022\/\">XXVII (2022)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3750\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3750\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2021\/01\/01\/xxvi-2021\/\">XXVI (2021)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3764\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3764\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2020\/01\/01\/xxv-2020\/\">XXV (2020)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3763\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3763\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2019\/01\/01\/xxiv-2019\/\">XXIV (2019)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3762\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3762\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2018\/01\/01\/xxiii-2018\/\">XXIII (2018)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3761\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3761\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2017\/01\/01\/xxii-2017\/\">XXII (2017)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3760\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3760\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/xxi-2016\/\">XXI (2016)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3759\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3759\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2015\/01\/01\/xx-2015\/\">XX (2015)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3754\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3754\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2014\/01\/01\/xix-2014\/\">XIX (2014)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3758\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3758\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2013\/01\/01\/xviii-2013\/\">XVIII (2013)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3757\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3757\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2012\/01\/14\/xvii-2012\/\">XVII (2012)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3756\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3756\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2011\/01\/01\/xvi-2011\/\">XVI (2011)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3755\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3755\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2010\/01\/01\/xv-2010\/\">XV (2010)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3753\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3753\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2007\/01\/01\/xii-2007\/\">XII (2007)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3752\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3752\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2006\/01\/14\/xi-2006\/\">XI (2006)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3751\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3751\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2004\/01\/01\/x-2004\/\">X (2004)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3765\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3765\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2003\/01\/01\/ix-2003\/\">IX (2003)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3766\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3766\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2002\/01\/10\/viii-2002\/\">VIII (2002)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-192\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-192\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2001\/01\/01\/vii-2001\/\">VII (2001)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-193\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-193\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/1998\/01\/01\/iv-1998\/\">IV (1998)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-194\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-194\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/1997\/01\/01\/iii-1997\/\">III (1997)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-195\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-195\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/1996\/01\/01\/ii-1996\/\">II (1996)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-196\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-196\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/1995\/01\/01\/i-1995\/\">I (1995)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>                <button class=\"eael-simple-menu-toggle\">\n                    <span class=\"sr-only \">Hamburger Toggle Menu<\/span>\n                    <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-bars\"><\/i>                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5379d2c6\" data-id=\"5379d2c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd7c6e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bd7c6e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- PCACD XXX (2025): jeden wid\u017cet HTML Elementora; adresy plik\u00f3w zatwierdzone przez redakcj\u0119. -->\n<section id=\"pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" aria-label=\"Informacje o tomie XXX czasopisma PCACD\">\n<style>\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx,\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx {\n      background: transparent;\n      color: #25364b;\n      font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n      margin: 0;\n      padding: 14px 4px 8px;\n      border-bottom: 1px solid #b9c3ce;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-uklad {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      align-items: flex-start;\n      gap: 26px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-okladka-link {\n      display: block;\n      flex: 0 0 180px;\n      max-width: 100%;\n      line-height: 0;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-okladka {\n      display: block;\n      width: 100%;\n      height: auto;\n      border: 1px solid #9fabba;\n      border-radius: 3px;\n      box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(25, 43, 65, .12);\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-informacje {\n      flex: 1 1 310px;\n      min-width: 0;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-rok {\n      color: #5c6f83;\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      letter-spacing: 1px;\n      margin: 0 0 8px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-tom {\n      color: #233b59;\n      font-size: 25px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      line-height: 1.3;\n      margin: 0 0 12px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-tytul {\n      color: #263e59;\n      font-size: 17px;\n      font-weight: 600;\n      line-height: 1.5;\n      margin: 0 0 15px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-dane {\n      color: #405269;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      line-height: 1.8;\n      margin: 0 0 14px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-licencja {\n      color: #2a4768;\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      margin: 0 0 18px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-przyciski {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      gap: 9px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-przyciski a {\n      background: transparent;\n      border: 1px solid #98aabe;\n      border-radius: 4px;\n      color: #24486d;\n      display: inline-block;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      line-height: 1.5;\n      padding: 9px 12px;\n      text-decoration: none;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-przyciski a:hover,\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-przyciski a:focus-visible {\n      border-color: #526d8b;\n      color: #16334f;\n      text-decoration: underline;\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 640px) {\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxx { padding: 10px 2px 8px; }\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-uklad { gap: 20px; }\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-okladka-link { flex-basis: 150px; }\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-informacje { flex-basis: 100%; }\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxx .pcacd-tom { font-size: 22px; }\n    }\n  \n#pcacd-naglowek-xxx {scroll-margin-top:20px;}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"pcacd-uklad\">\n<a class=\"pcacd-okladka-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30_Cover.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"Otw\u00f3rz ok\u0142adk\u0119 do druku (PDF)\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pcacd-okladka\" src=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/PCACD_2025_front_cover.jpg\" alt=\"Przednia ok\u0142adka PCACD, tom XXX (2025)\" width=\"180\" height=\"256\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"pcacd-informacje\"><p class=\"pcacd-rok\" data-no-translation>PCACD \u00b7 2025<\/p>\n<!-- PCACD 2025: nawigacja mi\u0119dzy tomami w tym samym wierszu co nazwa tomu -->\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;margin:0 0 12px;\">\n  <h2 class=\"pcacd-tom\" style=\"margin:0;\">Tom XXX (30)<\/h2>\n  <nav aria-label=\"Nawigacja mi\u0119dzy tomami\" style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px;\">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/2024\/09\/30\/xxix-2024\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;color:#24486d;border:1px solid #a9b8c8;border-radius:4px;background:transparent;padding:6px 10px;font:500 12px\/1.4 Arial,sans-serif;\" >\u2190 Poprzedni tom<\/a>\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/2026\/09\/29\/xxxi-2026\/\" style=\"display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;color:#24486d;border:1px solid #a9b8c8;border-radius:4px;background:transparent;padding:6px 10px;font:500 12px\/1.4 Arial,sans-serif;\" >Nast\u0119pny tom \u2192<\/a>\n  <\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"pcacd-tytul\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives (PCACD)<\/p>\n<p class=\"pcacd-dane\"><strong>Wydawca:<\/strong> Polskie Towarzystwo Chitynowe<br><strong>ISSN (druk):<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>1896-5644<\/span><br><strong>Zawarto\u015b\u0107:<\/strong> 23 artyku\u0142y i 1 corrigendum<\/p>\n<p class=\"pcacd-licencja\" data-no-translation>Open Access \u00b7 CC BY 4.0<\/p>\n<div class=\"pcacd-przyciski\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30_Cover.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Ok\u0142adka do druku (PDF) \u2197<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30_Table_of_contents.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Strony tytu\u0142owe i spis tre\u015bci (PDF) \u2197<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e97ead elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"2e97ead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- PCACD XXX (2025): osobny wid\u017cet HTML Elementora, po nag\u0142\u00f3wku. -->\r\n<div 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s\u0142owa kluczowe lub abstrakt\u2026\" aria-label=\"Szukaj w tytu\u0142ach, nazwiskach autor\u00f3w, s\u0142owach kluczowych oraz abstraktach\" autocomplete=\"off\"><button class=\"pcacd-wyczysc\" type=\"button\" title=\"Wyczy\u015b\u0107 wyszukiwanie\" aria-label=\"Wyczy\u015b\u0107 wyszukiwanie\" hidden><span data-no-translation>\u00d7<\/span><\/button><\/div>\r\n<noscript><p>Wyszukiwanie wymaga JavaScript. Wszystkie publikacje s\u0105 widoczne; abstrakty mo\u017cna rozwija\u0107.<\/p><\/noscript><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-lista\">\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-001\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 przegl\u0105dowy | Strony 7\u201339<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Possibilities and limitations of chitosan-based adsorbents used to remove organic and inorganic contaminants from aqueous solutions<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Daria Bo\u017cejewicz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3203-7249\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Daria Bo\u017cejewicz \u2014 0000-0003-3203-7249\" aria-label=\"ORCID Daria Bo\u017cejewicz \u2014 0000-0003-3203-7249\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.001<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.001_007-039_Bozejewicz.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Chitosan, as a natural biopolymer obtained from recycled sources, has a high affinity for removing various contaminants present in water systems, ranging from metal compounds, dyes, to pharmaceuticals. It has been demonstrated that modified chitosan can be successfully used to remove contaminants from various environmental matrices. This review presents the advantages and limitations of chitosan-based adsorbents that remove organic and inorganic pollutants from water and wastewater. It explains how chemical and physical modifications affect the adsorption properties of chitosan adsorbents. In addition, the possibility of the regeneration of materials used in the adsorption process is indicated.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan-based adsorbent, modification, regeneration, removal of contaminants<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-002\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 przegl\u0105dowy | Strony 40\u201353<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Potential of chitosan-based hydrogels with hormones and growth factors in chronic wound therapy \u2013 the possibilities of preparing a prescription drug based on a literature review<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Aneta Ostr\u00f3\u017cka-Cie\u015blik <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5179-1370\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Aneta Ostr\u00f3\u017cka-Cie\u015blik \u2014 0000-0002-5179-1370\" aria-label=\"ORCID Aneta Ostr\u00f3\u017cka-Cie\u015blik \u2014 0000-0002-5179-1370\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Patrycja Kornet<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Wiktoria Farbaniec<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">S\u0142awomir Wilczy\u0144ski <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6066-3127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID S\u0142awomir Wilczy\u0144ski \u2014 0000-0002-6066-3127\" aria-label=\"ORCID S\u0142awomir Wilczy\u0144ski \u2014 0000-0002-6066-3127\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.002<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.002_040-053_Ostrozka-Cieslik.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Chronic wounds are characterised by delayed healing and an atypical healing process that stops at the inflammatory or proliferative phase. The aim of this article is to indicate the potential of chitosan hydrogels encompassing hormones and growth factors in the treatment of chronic wounds and indicate their possibility as a prescription drug. A comprehensive search was conducted across Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, identifying eight studies on chitosan hydrogel preparation technology as potentially suitable for the manufacture of a pharmacy formulation setting. The literature review indicates that chitosan hydrogel carriers containing hormones or hormone derivatives may be used in the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds. They are exceptional primarily due to their favourable physicochemical properties, allowing epidermal application, simplicity of preparation, and low manufacturing cost. However, the lack of clinical trials suggests the need for further studies on their efficacy and safety of use.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, hormone, growth factors, hydrogel, dermal drug delivery, wound dressing<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-003\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 przegl\u0105dowy | Strony 54\u201376<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Nanosized chitosan systems for regenerative medicine<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Sorur Yazdanpanah <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7247-0682\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Sorur Yazdanpanah \u2014 0009-0004-7247-0682\" aria-label=\"ORCID Sorur Yazdanpanah \u2014 0009-0004-7247-0682\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Silvia Romano <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2865-6100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Silvia Romano \u2014 0009-0002-2865-6100\" aria-label=\"ORCID Silvia Romano \u2014 0009-0002-2865-6100\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Fabrizia Sepe <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6789-9902\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Fabrizia Sepe \u2014 0009-0007-6789-9902\" aria-label=\"ORCID Fabrizia Sepe \u2014 0009-0007-6789-9902\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Umberto Galderisi <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0909-7403\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Umberto Galderisi \u2014 0000-0003-0909-7403\" aria-label=\"ORCID Umberto Galderisi \u2014 0000-0003-0909-7403\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Gianfranco Peluso <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4352-9484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Gianfranco Peluso \u2014 0000-0003-4352-9484\" aria-label=\"ORCID Gianfranco Peluso \u2014 0000-0003-4352-9484\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Raffaele Conte <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6266-4991\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Raffaele Conte \u2014 0000-0002-6266-4991\" aria-label=\"ORCID Raffaele Conte \u2014 0000-0002-6266-4991\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.003<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.003_054-076_Sepe.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Nanoscience and nanotechnology have revolutionised medicine, leading to groundbreaking advancements in drug delivery, gene therapy, and tissue regeneration. Among nanomaterials, nanoparticles stand out due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and tunable physicochemical properties. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, has attracted considerable attention for its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. However, its limited solubility necessitates chemical modifications to enhance its biomedical applicability. Recently, nanosized chitosan has emerged as a promising material for regenerative medicine, offering improved mechanical and biological properties that support tissue repair. This review examines the use of chitosan nanoparticles in regenerative medicine, with a focus on their applications in bone and cartilage regeneration, cardiac tissue repair, skin regeneration and wound healing, nervous system repair, and drug and gene delivery. By highlighting recent advancements and existing challenges, this review analyses the potential of chitosan-based nanosystems as a versatile and effective biomaterial for regenerative therapies.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>nanotechnology, chitosan nanosystems, nanomedicine, regeneration, wound healing, drug delivery<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-004\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 przegl\u0105dowy | Strony 77\u201396<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Properties and emerging applications of chitosan nanoparticles: a brief review<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Noira Rakhimovna Vokhidova <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0477-3708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Noira Rakhimovna Vokhidova \u2014 0000-0003-0477-3708\" aria-label=\"ORCID Noira Rakhimovna Vokhidova \u2014 0000-0003-0477-3708\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Yiying Jiang<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Hongguo Xie <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6016-1530\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Hongguo Xie \u2014 0000-0002-6016-1530\" aria-label=\"ORCID Hongguo Xie \u2014 0000-0002-6016-1530\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Heng Yin <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8193-9236\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Heng Yin \u2014 0000-0001-8193-9236\" aria-label=\"ORCID Heng Yin \u2014 0000-0001-8193-9236\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.004<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.004_077-096_Vokhidova.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The review article presents current research on obtaining chitosan nanoparticles (NPs). It highlights their key properties and potential applications in agriculture. Various methods of chitosan nanoparticle formation were considered: emulsion method in the presence of special agents, drying method, crosslinking of molecules through covalent bonds, self-organisation processes and obtaining interpolyelectrolyte complexes, and ionotropic gelation. Some examples of the chitosan NPs application have also been reviewed.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, nanoparticles, ionic gelation technique, nanocapsules, bioactivities, eco-friendly<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-005\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 97\u2013108<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Forming of polypropylene film with the addition of dibutyrylchitin and stearic acid<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Dorota Binia\u015b <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2548-1774\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Dorota Binia\u015b \u2014 0000-0002-2548-1774\" aria-label=\"ORCID Dorota Binia\u015b \u2014 0000-0002-2548-1774\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.005<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.005_097-108_Binias.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>In this work, polypropylene (PP) films with varying percentages of dibutyrylchitin (DBC) and stearic acid (SA) were prepared. In the first stage, the PP film was treated with diisopropyl ether to extract stearic acid, resulting in a porous structure of the PP film containing the DBC additive. Only stearic acid was washed out, as the diisopropyl ether is not a DBC solvent. In the next stage, the film was treated with a 5% potassium hydroxide solution to convert DBC into chitin and to convert any remaining SA into potassium stearate (SP). Washing out the resulting SP with distilled water yielded porous PP film with chitin and its derivative of DBC. Chemical changes occurring during processing were examined using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphology of the film surface at consecutive processing stages was imaged using microscopic methods: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM). After solidification of the PP polymer matrix, the applied SA crystallises on the surface of the PP film. As a result of the applied procedure, the PP film with the addition of DBC and chitin was obtained. It is anticipated that this bioactive material can be used in medicine, e.g., as a wound dressing, hernia mesh, or scaffolds.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>polypropylene, dibutyrylchitin, porous film, FTIR spectroscopy<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-006\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 109\u2013116<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Endophytic biosurfactants-chitosan biopreparation: an innovative formulation for enhancing crop plant growth<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Piotr Dro\u017cd\u017cy\u0144ski <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7371-5125\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Piotr Dro\u017cd\u017cy\u0144ski \u2014 0000-0002-7371-5125\" aria-label=\"ORCID Piotr Dro\u017cd\u017cy\u0144ski \u2014 0000-0002-7371-5125\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.006<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.006_109-116_Drozdzynski.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Endophytic microorganisms are crucial in enhancing plant growth and augmenting resilience to environmental stresses. This study evaluated the synergistic effect of a biosurfactant produced by <em>B. pumilus<\/em> 2A, an endophyte derived from <em>Chelidonium majus<\/em> L., combined with chitosan dissolved in citric acid. Biopreparations at concentrations of 0.1-0.4% were formulated and tested on five crop species: <em>Zea mays<\/em> (corn), <em>Secale cereale<\/em> (rye), <em>Fagopyrum esculentum<\/em> (buckwheat), <em>Avena sativa<\/em> (oats), and <em>Hordeum vulgare<\/em> (barley). The optimal formulation was identified at 0.2%, significantly enhancing root and stem growth, particularly in buckwheat and rye (up to 316% relative to control). While the chitosan solution acidified the soil, potentially affecting some plant responses, the combined formulation proved highly effective. The results highlight the agricultural potential of combining chitosan and biosurfactants for use in agricultural systems, promoting plant growth even under stress conditions.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, biosurfactant, plant growth promotion, biocomposite, crop plants<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-007\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 117\u2013129<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Chitosan-capped silver nanoparticles against opportunistic and human pathogens: a promising weapon in the fight against infections<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Jesitha K <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5890-8001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Jesitha K \u2014 0009-0000-5890-8001\" aria-label=\"ORCID Jesitha K \u2014 0009-0000-5890-8001\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Megha PU <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8665-1522\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Megha PU \u2014 0009-0000-8665-1522\" aria-label=\"ORCID Megha PU \u2014 0009-0000-8665-1522\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Abhitha PA <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7472-1636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Abhitha PA \u2014 0009-0003-7472-1636\" aria-label=\"ORCID Abhitha PA \u2014 0009-0003-7472-1636\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Muhammed Nayeem M <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3358-8600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Muhammed Nayeem M \u2014 0000-0002-3358-8600\" aria-label=\"ORCID Muhammed Nayeem M \u2014 0000-0002-3358-8600\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.007\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.007<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.007_117-129_Jesitha.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This pioneering study synthesises silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using <em>Carica papaya<\/em> fruit extract and chitosan capping, yielding homogeneous, spherical nanoparticles prepared at an average size of 20 nm and characterised by SEM-EDAX and TEM. Antimicrobial activity studies showed that the opportunistic and human pathogenic ones, <em>S. aureus<\/em>, <em>S. typhimurium<\/em> and <em>E. coli<\/em>, were susceptible to the chitosan-capped AgNPs. This study signifies the novel synthesis approach, commensurate particle size, universal antimicrobial efficacy, and compilation of a comparative antibiotic resistance index. Chitosan-capped AgNPs acted effectively towards multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, which gives the opportunity to consider this material as a potential weapon in the fight against microbial infections, being eco-friendly.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>silver nanoparticles, chitosan-capping, papaya fruit, antibacterial potential, eco-friendly<\/span><\/p><p class=\"pcacd-uwaga\">Nazwisko pierwszej autorki poprawiono zgodnie z corrigendum: <a href=\"#pcacd-30-024\" data-no-translation>10.15259\/PCACD.30.024<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<details class=\"pcacd-corrigendum\" id=\"pcacd-30-024\">\r\n<summary data-no-translation>Corrigendum<\/summary>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-corrigendum-tresc\">\r\n<h4 class=\"pcacd-corrigendum-tytul\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Corrigendum to \u201cChitosan-capped silver nanoparticles against opportunistic and human pathogens: a promising weapon in the fight against infections\u201d<\/h4>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Jesitha K <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5890-8001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Jesitha K \u2014 0009-0000-5890-8001\" aria-label=\"ORCID Jesitha K \u2014 0009-0000-5890-8001\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Megha PU <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8665-1522\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Megha PU \u2014 0009-0000-8665-1522\" aria-label=\"ORCID Megha PU \u2014 0009-0000-8665-1522\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Abhitha PA <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7472-1636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Abhitha PA \u2014 0009-0003-7472-1636\" aria-label=\"ORCID Abhitha PA \u2014 0009-0003-7472-1636\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Muhammed Nayeem M <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3358-8600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Muhammed Nayeem M \u2014 0000-0002-3358-8600\" aria-label=\"ORCID Muhammed Nayeem M \u2014 0000-0002-3358-8600\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.024<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.024_Corrigendum_Jesitha.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The authors regret that this article contained an error in the first author&#x27;s name, and would like to correct it. The author\u2019s name was incorrectly spelt as \u201cJesith K\u201d. The correct spelling is Jesitha K. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-uwaga\">Opublikowano online: 20.10.2025<br>Artyku\u0142 korygowany: <a href=\"#pcacd-30-007\" data-no-translation>10.15259\/PCACD.30.007<\/a><\/p>\r\n<\/div><\/details>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-008\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 130\u2013142<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Characterisation of chitosan and chitosan-based materials by temperature programmed desorption mass spectrometry<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Oksana Kalinkevich <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9631-2951\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Oksana Kalinkevich \u2014 0000-0002-9631-2951\" aria-label=\"ORCID Oksana Kalinkevich \u2014 0000-0002-9631-2951\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Vadym Chivanov <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5845-2315\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Vadym Chivanov \u2014 0000-0001-5845-2315\" aria-label=\"ORCID Vadym Chivanov \u2014 0000-0001-5845-2315\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Anatoly Sklyar<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Aleksei Kalinkevich <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4793-7568\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Aleksei Kalinkevich \u2014 0000-0002-4793-7568\" aria-label=\"ORCID Aleksei Kalinkevich \u2014 0000-0002-4793-7568\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.008\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.008<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.008_130-142_Kalinkevich.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The thermal behaviour of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives is of great importance both for practical applications and for understanding the processes of interaction with additional compounds comprising chitosan-based materials. In this work, the samples of chitin and chitosan obtained in our laboratory from various sources (insects, mushrooms) and commercial samples, as well as derivatives containing iodine, fucorcinum, methylene blue, neomycin, etc., were studied with temperature programmed desorption mass spectrometry. The method reveals the differences in the dehydration of samples. Thermal decomposition in the temperature range from 150 to 200&#160;\u00b0C is associated with decarboxylation, and above 200&#160;\u00b0C with decomposition of the main chain. The thermal behaviour of samples depends on the origin of chitin, i.e., the fungal chitin starts to decompose at a lower temperature than insect chitin. The latter one shows thermal behaviour comparable to that of chitin from crustaceans. Chitosan obtained from chitin of various origins is more uniform. The additives in the derivative materials influence the thermal behaviour in different ways, especially a substantial difference was seen in the case of iodine combined with fucorcinum.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>temperature programmed desorption mass spectrometry, chitin, chitosan<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-009\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 143\u2013153<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Application of natural biostimulants in cactus in vitro cultures: evaluating the effectiveness of chitosan and nanosilicon<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4333-9122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" aria-label=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ireneusz Ochmian <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3606-1927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.009<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.009_143-153_Krupa-Malkiewicz.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This study investigates the impact of chitosan (CH) and nanosilicon (nSi) on the micropropagation of two cactus species. Stem explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with chitosan at 20 - 60 mg L<sup>\u22121<\/sup> or silicon nanoparticles at 100 - 500 mg L<sup>\u22121<\/sup>. After 35 days of in vitro culture, morphological parameters were evaluated. Plantlets were acclimatised ex vitro to assess survival rates and root development. Chitosan significantly promoted shoot multiplication and root formation in both species, with optimal effects at moderate concentrations (40 mg L<sup>\u22121<\/sup> for <em>Echinopsis chamaecereus<\/em> and 20 mg L<sup>\u22121<\/sup> for <em>Opuntia microdasys<\/em>). In contrast, lower concentrations of nSi (100 or 200 mg L<sup>\u22121<\/sup>) stimulated rhizogenesis in <em>E. chamaecereus<\/em> but had variable effects on <em>O. microdasys<\/em>. At 500 mg L<sup>\u22121<\/sup>, nSi increased shoot biomass but reduced root growth. The survival and rooting rates during ex vitro acclimatisation were treatment- and concentration-dependent. These findings highlight the potential of CH and nSi as eco-friendly biostimulants in cactus micropropagation systems. Optimising their concentrations could enhance shoot and root development while reducing reliance on synthetic growth regulators.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><em>Echinopsis chamaecereus<\/em>, <em>Opuntia microdasys<\/em>, micropropagation, chitosan, nanosilicon<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-010\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 154\u2013168<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Evaluation of the impact of molecular weight and concentration of chitosan on the quality and postharvest longevity of raspberry fruits<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4333-9122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" aria-label=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ireneusz Ochmian <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3606-1927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.010<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.010_154-168_Ochmian.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Chitosan is a biopolymer with antimicrobial and biostimulatory properties, widely utilised in plant protection and fruit quality enhancement. This research aimed to determine the effect of chitosan on raspberry fruit firmness and assess the relationship between its concentration and molecular weight with yield quality. The study was conducted on raspberries treated with chitosan, applied as a spray, varying in molecular weights (3.3, 5, 500, and 950 kDa) at two concentrations (0.2% and 0.4%). The results showed that chitosan significantly enhanced fruit firmness, with the highest values observed for high-molecular-weight chitosan (500 and 950 kDa). Moreover, low-molecular-weight chitosan (3.3 and 5 kDa) positively influenced fruit mass, whereas high-molecular-weight forms had a limiting effect. It was also found that a higher chitosan concentration (0.4%) led to increased fruit firmness. Previous studies indicated that raspberry fruit quality was most influenced by low-molecular-weight chitosan (3.3 and 5 kDa), while fruit health was most improved by high-molecular-weight chitosan (500 and 950 kDa). Therefore, these chitosan variants were selected for further investigation to determine whether the fruit\u2019s response is primarily driven by molecular weight or if concentration also plays a crucial role. These findings indicate that chitosan may be an effective tool for improving raspberries&#x27; quality and postharvest longevity, with its efficacy depending on the appropriate choice of molecular weight and concentration. The application of chitosan may serve as an alternative to conventional fruit protection and preservation methods, contributing to prolonged fruit shelf life and enhanced commercial value.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>fruit firmness, chitosan molecular weight, <em>Botrytis cinerea<\/em>, postharvest raspberry quality, biostimulants in plant protection<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-011\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 169\u2013183<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Optimisation of rooting and growth of grapevine cuttings through chitosan application and substrate selection<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4333-9122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" aria-label=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ireneusz Ochmian <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3606-1927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.011<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.011_169-183_Ochmian.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This study evaluated the effects of chitosan concentration and substrate composition on rooting efficiency, growth performance, and leaf colour parameters in hardwood cuttings of <em>Vitis vinifera<\/em> L. cv. &#x27;Solaris&#x27;. Cuttings were soaked in 0.2% or 0.4% chitosan solutions and planted in five substrate types: peat, sand, perlite, pea-sand (50:50), and peat-perlite (50:50). The highest rooting percentage (92%) and most favourable biometric parameters were observed in cuttings treated with 0.2% chitosan and grown in the peat-perlite mixture. The tallest shoots (77 cm) were recorded with 0.4% chitosan, while the longest roots (52 cm) developed in the sand-perlite substrate. Although chitosan did not significantly affect shoot diameter, it enhanced root system development and overall plant quality, particularly in substrates with high air and water permeability. In addition, leaf colour analysis revealed that chitosan application in the peat-perlite substrate significantly reduced L* and a* values, indicating a deeper green foliage colour and enhanced chlorophyll accumulation. In contrast, sandy substrates showed minimal pigment response. These results confirm that chitosan acts as an effective biostimulant when applied in synergy with suitable substrates, and leaf colour metrics may serve as reliable indicators of physiological status during grapevine propagation.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>biostimulation, natural polysaccharides, plant regeneration, shoot growth, root induction, stress physiology<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-012\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 184\u2013204<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>On the synthesis of N-succinylchitosan <em>Bombyx mori<\/em> complexes with cobalt(II) ions and their insecticidal properties against <em>Anacanthotermes turkestanicus<\/em> termites<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Mamasoliyev Ulugbek Makhammatovich <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0906-2592\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Mamasoliyev Ulugbek Makhammatovich \u2014 0009-0006-0906-2592\" aria-label=\"ORCID Mamasoliyev Ulugbek Makhammatovich \u2014 0009-0006-0906-2592\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Noira Rahimovna Vokhidova <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0477-3708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Noira Rahimovna Vokhidova \u2014 0000-0003-0477-3708\" aria-label=\"ORCID Noira Rahimovna Vokhidova \u2014 0000-0003-0477-3708\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Zuhra Yuldashevna Akhmedova <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6276-1572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Zuhra Yuldashevna Akhmedova \u2014 0009-0001-6276-1572\" aria-label=\"ORCID Zuhra Yuldashevna Akhmedova \u2014 0009-0001-6276-1572\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Iskandarov Tulkin Iskandarovich <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8079-950X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Iskandarov Tulkin Iskandarovich \u2014 0000-0001-8079-950X\" aria-label=\"ORCID Iskandarov Tulkin Iskandarovich \u2014 0000-0001-8079-950X\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Sayyora Sharafovna Rashidova <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1667-4619\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Sayyora Sharafovna Rashidova \u2014 0000-0003-1667-4619\" aria-label=\"ORCID Sayyora Sharafovna Rashidova \u2014 0000-0003-1667-4619\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.012<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.012_184-204_Vokhidova.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>N-succinylchitosan (N-SCS) was obtained by the reaction of chitosan derived from <em>Bombyx mori<\/em> with succinic anhydride mixed at a 1:1 molar ratio in dimethyl sulfoxide for 24 hours at 22&#160;\u00b0C and pH 7. In order to increase the effectiveness of insecticidal properties, N-succinylchitosan complexes with Co<sup>2+<\/sup> ions (N-CSC\/Co<sup>2+<\/sup>) were further obtained. The structural studies show that Co<sup>2+<\/sup> ions interact with the carboxyl groups of N-succinylchitosan. The IR spectra of chitosan, N-SCS, and N-SCS\/Co<sup>2+<\/sup> show characteristic absorption bands at 1388, 1578, and 473 cm<sup>\u22121<\/sup>, respectively. Absorption bands characteristic of \u2013NH\u2013CO groups were also noticed at 1674 cm<sup>\u22121<\/sup>. The concentration dependence of the insecticidal activity of N-SCS\/Co<sup>2+<\/sup> solutions was studied, and it was found that a 1.0% solution exhibits 86.7% biological effectiveness against termites. The presented results are helpful for the development of eco-friendly insecticides based on natural polysaccharides.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>N-succinylchitosan, <em>Bombyx mori<\/em>, cobalt(II) ions, insecticidal properties, termites <em>Anacanthotermes turkestanicus<\/em>, non-toxic<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-013\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 205\u2013213<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The effect of calcium alginate on the neutralising properties of chitosan gels protecting the oesophageal mucosa<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0127-835X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska \u2014 0000-0002-0127-835X\" aria-label=\"ORCID Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska \u2014 0000-0002-0127-835X\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Hanna Bazan <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7699-5309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Hanna Bazan \u2014 0009-0006-7699-5309\" aria-label=\"ORCID Hanna Bazan \u2014 0009-0006-7699-5309\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.013<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.013_205-213_Malolepsza-Jarmolowska.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Gastroesophageal reflux disease is one of the most frequently diagnosed conditions in the modern world. It is characterised by repeated movement of stomach acid into the oesophagus, causing irritation and symptoms such as heartburn and regurgitation. Due to their short residence time on the mucous membrane surface, the emulsions used so far do not fulfil their role. This research aimed to examine the effect of calcium alginate on the properties of gels containing chitosan. For this purpose, hydrophilic gels were prepared and tested for pH, dynamic viscosity, and their ability to move in a model simulating conditions in the oesophagus. Alginates have been shown to affect the increase of pH and give the ability to neutralise acidic stomach content. As pH exceeded the upper physiological limit, chitosan offered the potential to restore pH to the physiological range. Its addition had an additional important feature - an increase in the dynamic viscosity of gel and adhesion, which would lead to better gel adhesion to the oesophagus. In summary, the addition of chitosan to methylcellulose gels containing calcium alginate positively influenced the pH, making it more suitable for the oesophagus, and enhanced the dynamic viscosity, allowing the gel to adhere to the mucous membrane surface for protective purposes against reflux.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>calcium alginate, physiological environment of the gastro-oesophageal, hydrophilic gels, oesophageal mucosa, anti-inflammatory drugs, oesophageal infections<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-014\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 214\u2013222<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The influence of hydrophilising substances on the physicochemical properties of chitosan gels with a protective effect on the oesophageal mucosa<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0127-835X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska \u2014 0000-0002-0127-835X\" aria-label=\"ORCID Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska \u2014 0000-0002-0127-835X\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Hanna Bazan <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7699-5309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Hanna Bazan \u2014 0009-0006-7699-5309\" aria-label=\"ORCID Hanna Bazan \u2014 0009-0006-7699-5309\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.014<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.014_214-222_Malolepsza-Jarmolowska.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This study aimed to analyse hydrogels intended to prevent irritation of the oesophageal mucosa in individuals sensitive or allergic to commonly used substances that neutralise acidic gastric contents. Such sensitivities can hinder effective management of gastrointestinal disorders involving the stomach and oesophagus. The research focused on assessing the influence of hydrophilizing agents: glycerol, polyethylene glycol 200, and propylene glycol-1,2 on the properties of chitosan-containing gels. In vitro experiments demonstrated that hydrogels formulated with chitosan and the selected hydrophilizing agents can potentially alleviate reflux symptoms. The incorporation of chitosan resulted in an increase in gel pH and dynamic viscosity, both of which support the neutralisation of acidic gastric contents. Texture analysis further revealed that both chitosan and the hydrophilizing substances significantly enhanced the adhesive properties of the gels, as indicated by increased adhesion work. These findings suggest that the developed formulations offer an effective alternative for individuals with sensitivities to standard antacid therapies.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>hydrophilizing substances, physiological environment of the gastro-oesophageal, hydrophilic gels, oesophageal mucosa, anti-inflammatory drugs, oesophageal infections<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-015\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 223\u2013231<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Endophytic fungi from <em>Chelidonium majus<\/em> L. as a source of chitosanolytic enzymes: isolation, identification, and enzymatic activity<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Olga Marchut-Miko\u0142ajczyk <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2041-3980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Olga Marchut-Miko\u0142ajczyk \u2014 0000-0003-2041-3980\" aria-label=\"ORCID Olga Marchut-Miko\u0142ajczyk \u2014 0000-0003-2041-3980\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Angelika Kubiak<\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.015<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.015_223-231_Marchut-Mikolajczyk.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Endophytic fungi are a promising source of enzymes with industrial potential. In this study, a preliminary evaluation of the capacity of endophytic fungi from <em>Chelidonium majus<\/em> L. to produce chitosanolytic enzymes was performed. Two strains, R and Z, were isolated from stem tissues and cultured on Czapek-Dox media. Microscopy classified strain Z within the genus <em>Aspergillus<\/em>. Chitosanolytic activity was evaluated in media supplemented with chitosan under both surface and submerged conditions. Both strains exhibited intracellular enzymatic activity, with the highest activity of 656 \u00b5mol\/(min\u00b7g), determined for the strain labelled as Z. These results suggest that endophytic fungi may serve as a source of chitosanolytic enzymes. This is one of the first reports of such activity in endophytes from <em>C. majus<\/em> L., providing a basis for future studies.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>fungal endophytes; <em>Chelidonium majus<\/em> L., chitosan; chitosanolytic enzyme<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-016\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 232\u2013242<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles based on chitosan crosslinked with phytic acid and loaded with daptomycin against sensitive <em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> strains<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Daniela Moncayo-Chaves <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7794-0467\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Daniela Moncayo-Chaves \u2014 0009-0009-7794-0467\" aria-label=\"ORCID Daniela Moncayo-Chaves \u2014 0009-0009-7794-0467\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Linda Bucheli-Burgos <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5886-4229\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Linda Bucheli-Burgos \u2014 0009-0001-5886-4229\" aria-label=\"ORCID Linda Bucheli-Burgos \u2014 0009-0001-5886-4229\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Juan Pinillos <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7585-9755\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Juan Pinillos \u2014 0009-0001-7585-9755\" aria-label=\"ORCID Juan Pinillos \u2014 0009-0001-7585-9755\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Yhors Ciro <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4093-8696\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Yhors Ciro \u2014 0000-0003-4093-8696\" aria-label=\"ORCID Yhors Ciro \u2014 0000-0003-4093-8696\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Constain Hugo Salamanca <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1587-5371\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Constain Hugo Salamanca \u2014 0000-0003-1587-5371\" aria-label=\"ORCID Constain Hugo Salamanca \u2014 0000-0003-1587-5371\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Jos\u00e9 Fernando O\u00f1ate-Garz\u00f3n <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9069-8902\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Jos\u00e9 Fernando O\u00f1ate-Garz\u00f3n \u2014 0000-0002-9069-8902\" aria-label=\"ORCID Jos\u00e9 Fernando O\u00f1ate-Garz\u00f3n \u2014 0000-0002-9069-8902\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.016<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.016_232-242_Ciro.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This study focused on determining whether the antimicrobial activity of the lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin improves when it is loaded into chitosan-based nanoparticles (NPs). The nanoparticulate systems were developed through the ionic gelation method employing phytic acid as a crosslinking agent. Physicochemical characterisation of the nanoparticles (NPs) was carried out by measurements of particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Antimicrobial evaluation was performed using a susceptible <em>S. aureus<\/em> strain using the broth microdilution method. The results showed a particle size of 453.9 \u00b1 4.7 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.245 \u00b1 0.04, and a zeta potential of +29.4 \u00b1 0.3 mV. Notably, the antimicrobial evaluation revealed that daptomycin reduces the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) from 64 to 4 \u03bcg\/mL upon loading into the nanoparticle, demonstrating an interesting potential as a pharmaceutical nanoformulation.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, daptomycin, antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles, ionic gelation, antimicrobial activity<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-017\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 243\u2013253<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Preformulation studies of thermosensitive dermatological hydrogels containing insulin<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Aneta Ostr\u00f3\u017cka-Cie\u015blik <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5179-1370\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Aneta Ostr\u00f3\u017cka-Cie\u015blik \u2014 0000-0002-5179-1370\" aria-label=\"ORCID Aneta Ostr\u00f3\u017cka-Cie\u015blik \u2014 0000-0002-5179-1370\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Marcin Przyby\u0142a<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Barbara Doli\u0144ska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3035-7417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Barbara Doli\u0144ska \u2014 0000-0003-3035-7417\" aria-label=\"ORCID Barbara Doli\u0144ska \u2014 0000-0003-3035-7417\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.017<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.017_243-253_Ostrozka-Cieslik.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This work continues previous research into the development of an insulin (INS) hydrogel carrier for dermatological applications in chronic wound healing. Insulin has been found to play an important role in promoting wound healing, acting at multiple levels. This study aimed to develop an insulin hydrogel carrier based on poloxamer 407 (P407) and chitosan (CS). Rheological and texture parameters of the formulation were analysed. The pharmaceutical availability of insulin was assessed in vitro using the innovative Strat- M\u00ae membrane, which mimics the skin barrier. The hydrogels showed a favourable balance between rheological and textural properties and ease of application, especially to irregularly shaped wounds and hard-to-reach areas. Insulin was released in a prolonged manner, reducing the need for multiple daily applications. The obtained results will be used further in planning and performing preclinical and clinical studies.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>hydrogels, insulin, poloxamer 407, chitosan, rheology, texture, Strat-M\u00ae membrane<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-018\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 254\u2013265<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Formation mechanism of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing uridine 5\u2019-monophosphate disodium salt<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Katarzyna Pieklarz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8398-9398\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Katarzyna Pieklarz \u2014 0009-0009-8398-9398\" aria-label=\"ORCID Katarzyna Pieklarz \u2014 0009-0009-8398-9398\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Zofia Modrzejewska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6133-7684\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Zofia Modrzejewska \u2014 0000-0001-6133-7684\" aria-label=\"ORCID Zofia Modrzejewska \u2014 0000-0001-6133-7684\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.018<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.018_254-265_Pieklarz.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>In this study, the gelation mechanisms of two types of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels containing uridine 5\u2019-monophosphate disodium salt (UMP) as a sol-gel transition agent were investigated. These systems were prepared from chitosan lactate and chitosan chloride solutions and are characterised by the ability to transition from sol to gel at both low and high temperatures. The formation mechanisms of the above hydrogels were developed based on our previous studies and the analysis of FTIR spectra of the chitosan systems at 4&#160;\u00b0C and 37&#160;\u00b0C without and with the addition of uridine 5\u2019-monophosphate disodium salt. It has been demonstrated that the sol-gel transition of chitosan colloids is a complex, multi-step process resulting from the coexistence of multiple interactions (electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions) that determine the final properties of the hydrogels.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, thermosensitive hydrogel, uridine 5\u2019-monophosphate disodium salt, gelation mechanism<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-019\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 266\u2013282<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Larvicidal activity of different molecular weights chitosan-plant extract complex against <em>Anopheles stephensi<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Subbaiyan Pushparani <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2785-8957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Subbaiyan Pushparani \u2014 0009-0006-2785-8957\" aria-label=\"ORCID Subbaiyan Pushparani \u2014 0009-0006-2785-8957\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Sajeev Sradha <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1178-3957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Sajeev Sradha \u2014 0009-0005-1178-3957\" aria-label=\"ORCID Sajeev Sradha \u2014 0009-0005-1178-3957\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">George Rani Anju <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2678-7192\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID George Rani Anju \u2014 0009-0005-2678-7192\" aria-label=\"ORCID George Rani Anju \u2014 0009-0005-2678-7192\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Vadakkenchery Salimudheen Hansiya <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6645-8746\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Vadakkenchery Salimudheen Hansiya \u2014 0009-0002-6645-8746\" aria-label=\"ORCID Vadakkenchery Salimudheen Hansiya \u2014 0009-0002-6645-8746\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Palanisamy Maheswari Uma <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5917-9082\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Palanisamy Maheswari Uma \u2014 0000-0001-5917-9082\" aria-label=\"ORCID Palanisamy Maheswari Uma \u2014 0000-0001-5917-9082\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Jeganathan Aarthi <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7293-314X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Jeganathan Aarthi \u2014 0000-0001-7293-314X\" aria-label=\"ORCID Jeganathan Aarthi \u2014 0000-0001-7293-314X\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Byju Anju <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5031-9735\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Byju Anju \u2014 0009-0005-5031-9735\" aria-label=\"ORCID Byju Anju \u2014 0009-0005-5031-9735\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Natesan Geetha <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7324-7052\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Natesan Geetha \u2014 0009-0004-7324-7052\" aria-label=\"ORCID Natesan Geetha \u2014 0009-0004-7324-7052\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.019<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.019_266-282_Geetha.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Molecular weights of chitosan are important to their physical and biological features. The present study aims to compare the larvicidal efficacy of nanoparticles prepared with low (L-CS) and medium molecular weight (M-CS) chitosan, encapsulated with methanolic aerial part extract (MAE) of <em>Artemisia absinthium<\/em> (chitosan-plant extract complex) against <em>Anopheles stephensi<\/em>. They were characterised in terms of entrapment efficiency, drug release percentage, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and zeta potential. Out of various concentrations of L-CS- and M-CS-based nanoparticles, MAEL-CSNPs and MAEM-CSNPs, respectively, 10 \u00b5g\/mL MAEL-CSNPs exhibited higher entrapment efficiency (64.10%). In vitro drug release study showed a controlled and sustained crude drug release from MAEL-CSNPs (86.60%) within three hours, with the best R<sup>2<\/sup> value observed in the Higuchi model (0.97). Spectroscopically characterised MAEL-CSNPs with the lowest LC<sub>50<\/sub> value (2.99 \u00b5g\/mL) were subjected to toxicity analysis using zebrafish embryos, and the result indicates that, for the encapsulated drug, below 100% mortality at 10 \u00b5g\/mL concentration and it may act as a potent larvicide without harming non-targeted organisms. Thus, the results showed the capability of MAEL-CSNPs to act as a potent, eco-friendly larvicide against <em>An. stephensi<\/em> larvae.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>larvicidal activity, methanolic aerial part extract, <em>Artemisia absinthium<\/em>, low and medium molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles, <em>Anopheles stephensi<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-020\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 283\u2013289<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The energy of activation of intracellular and extracellular chitin deacetylase<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Barbara M. Stencel <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2700-9229\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Barbara M. Stencel \u2014 0009-0005-2700-9229\" aria-label=\"ORCID Barbara M. Stencel \u2014 0009-0005-2700-9229\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ma\u0142gorzata Zie\u0144<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ma\u0142gorzata M. Jaworska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3810-3991\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ma\u0142gorzata M. Jaworska \u2014 0000-0002-3810-3991\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ma\u0142gorzata M. Jaworska \u2014 0000-0002-3810-3991\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.020<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.020_283-289_Jaworska.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Chitin deacetylase is an enzyme produced by several organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and insects. In most cases, the enzyme is produced intracellularly; however, some fungi also produce the enzyme extracellularly, so the work aimed to compare the activity and the energies of activation of intracellular and extracellular chitin deacetylase. The enzymes produced by <em>Absidia orchidis vel coerulea<\/em> were used in experiments. It was shown that intracellular chitin deacetylase is significantly more active than the extracellular form. The activation energies were evaluated as 77.77 kJ\/mol and 90.88 kJ\/mol for intracellular and extracellular chitin deacetylase, respectively, meaning that intracellular enzymes act faster. Our paper is the first one that presents the energy of activation of chitin deacetylase. The presented energy of activation evaluation and comparison method can be used as a good tool to choose the chitin deacetylase for industrial application when the enzyme is available in different forms or comes from different sources.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitin deacetylase, chitosan, energy of activation<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-021\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 290\u2013299<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Waste fungal biomass from biotech industry as a source of chitosan<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Katarzyna Struszczyk-\u015awita <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7885-0249\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Katarzyna Struszczyk-\u015awita \u2014 0000-0001-7885-0249\" aria-label=\"ORCID Katarzyna Struszczyk-\u015awita \u2014 0000-0001-7885-0249\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.021<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.021_290-299_Struszczyk-Swita.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The filamentous fungus <em>Mucor circinelloides<\/em> IBT-83 is an excellent producer of intracellular lipids. This makes it a promising candidate for large-scale cultivation for industrial oil production. However, this process generates significant amounts of defatted biomass, which can serve as a source of valuable compounds such as chitosan. It was shown that almost 100 g of chitosan (unpurified) can be extracted from 1 kg of defatted and dried mycelium of <em>M. circinelloides<\/em> IBT-83. Pre-dehydration of the mycelium by freeze-drying positively affects both the lipid extraction efficiency and the subsequent recovery of chitosan. The method developed in this study represents a promising approach for increased waste valorisation and supports the production of an industrially important biological product.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, fungal biomass, <em>Mucor circinelloides<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-022\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 300\u2013315<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Physicochemical characteristics of titanium dioxide\/chitosan\/hyaluronic acid biomaterial in relation to antibacteriality and biocompatibility<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Agnieszka E. Wi\u0105cek <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7425-9694\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Agnieszka E. Wi\u0105cek \u2014 0000-0002-7425-9694\" aria-label=\"ORCID Agnieszka E. Wi\u0105cek \u2014 0000-0002-7425-9694\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Agata \u0141adniak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6859-531X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Agata \u0141adniak \u2014 0000-0001-6859-531X\" aria-label=\"ORCID Agata \u0141adniak \u2014 0000-0001-6859-531X\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ma\u0142gorzata Jurak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5365-7677\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ma\u0142gorzata Jurak \u2014 0000-0002-5365-7677\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ma\u0142gorzata Jurak \u2014 0000-0002-5365-7677\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.022<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.022_300-315_Wiacek.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The primary goal of this research was the multi-aspect physicochemical characterisation of a hybrid material based on chitosan, a hyaluronic acid, and TiO<sub>2<\/sub> in terms of antibacterial and biocompatible properties. To harness their natural potential, chitosan and hyaluronic acid were employed, as well as titanium(IV) oxide to enhance mechanical stability. The physicochemical behaviour and stability of binary and ternary systems were investigated, along with wettability, topography and surface free energy. Biomimetic methods were used to approximate the behaviour and interactions of components within individual dispersions with representative phospholipids of model biological membranes. Understanding these parameters is essential for the proper functioning of the biomaterial within a living organism. Two different types of phospholipids (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) were selected for the study of cell membranes. In contrast, the sodium salt of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) was used as a typical bacterial model. The obtained results confirmed the possibility of potential applications of the spectrum of chitosan\/hyaluronic acid-based systems in the cosmetics, medical and pharmaceutical industries.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, hyaluronic acid, titanium dioxide, biomimetic methods, antibacterial character, biocompatibility<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-30-023\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxx\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 316\u2013329<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon-doped chitosan hydrogels<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Anita W\u00f3jcik <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2356-0874\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Anita W\u00f3jcik \u2014 0009-0001-2356-0874\" aria-label=\"ORCID Anita W\u00f3jcik \u2014 0009-0001-2356-0874\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Natalia Wac\u0142awik <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6886-3514\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Natalia Wac\u0142awik \u2014 0009-0007-6886-3514\" aria-label=\"ORCID Natalia Wac\u0142awik \u2014 0009-0007-6886-3514\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Marek Pi\u0105tkowski <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9637-1284\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Marek Pi\u0105tkowski \u2014 0000-0001-9637-1284\" aria-label=\"ORCID Marek Pi\u0105tkowski \u2014 0000-0001-9637-1284\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.30.023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" data-no-translation=\"\">DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.30.023<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/PCACD_XXX_2025\/Prog_Chem_Appl_Chitin_Deriv_XXX_2025_10.15259-PCACD.30.023_316-329_Piatkowski.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The research focused on analysis of water sorption capacity of carbon-doped and undoped chitosan hydrogels cured with different acids: oxalic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, and aspartic acid, synthesised under microwave irradiation. The hydrogels were doped with carbon prepared from brewer\u2019s spent grains. The doping effect on the water sorption properties was determined. The results indicate significant differences in water sorption capacity between the undoped and doped hydrogels. The study is significantly important, as it explores the potential of modifying hydrogels to improve their water absorption capacity, a property that is crucial for various industrial applications. The ability to enhance the sorption characteristics of hydrogels through modification or additives can lead to advancements in fields such as agriculture, biomedical engineering, and environmental protection.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan hydrogels, microwave-assisted synthesis, modification, spent grains<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<\/div><p class=\"pcacd-brak\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden>Brak publikacji spe\u0142niaj\u0105cych kryteria wyszukiwania.<\/p><script>\r\n(function () {\r\n  'use strict';\r\n  var root = document.getElementById('pcacd-artykuly-2025');\r\n  if (!root || root.dataset.pcacdReady) return;\r\n  root.dataset.pcacdReady = '1';\r\n  var input = root.querySelector('.pcacd-szukaj');\r\n  var clear = root.querySelector('.pcacd-wyczysc');\r\n  var empty = root.querySelector('.pcacd-brak');\r\n  var cards = 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