{"id":4489,"date":"2024-09-30T19:11:56","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T17:11:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/?p=4489"},"modified":"2026-10-22T12:46:05","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T10:46:05","slug":"xxix-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2024\/09\/30\/xxix-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"XXIX (2024)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4489\" class=\"elementor elementor-4489\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-645ddf32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"645ddf32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e466e7b\" data-id=\"e466e7b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2556dc eael_simple_menu_hamburger_disable_selected_menu_no eael-simple-menu-hamburger-align-right eael-simple-menu-link-full-width eael-hamburger--tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-simple-menu\" data-id=\"b2556dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-simple-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n                        @media screen and (max-width: 1024px) {\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                                .eael-simple-menu-vertical {\n                                    display: none;\n                                }\n                            }\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-container .eael-simple-menu-toggle {\n                                    display: block;\n                                }\n                            }\n                        }\n                    <\/style><style>\n                        @media screen and (min-width: 1025px) {\n                        \/* Left aligned horizontal menus lay out with `float: left` on the\n                           items, so their list stays `block` - forcing flex here would\n                           take the items out of flow and break the row. Only centre and\n                           right aligned horizontal menus are inline-flex. *\/\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading > ul.eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading > ul.eael-simple-menu-vertical {\n                            display: block;\n                        }\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading.eael-simple-menu-align-center {\n                            text-align: center;\n                        }\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading.eael-simple-menu-align-right {\n                            text-align: right;\n                        }\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading.eael-simple-menu-align-center > ul.eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading.eael-simple-menu-align-right > ul.eael-simple-menu-horizontal {\n                            display: -webkit-inline-box;\n                            display: -ms-inline-flexbox;\n                            display: inline-flex;\n                        }\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading .eael-simple-menu-toggle,\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading .eael-simple-menu-toggle-text {\n                            display: none;\n                        }\n                        }\n                    <\/style>            <div data-hamburger-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-bars&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-indicator-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-angle-down&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-dropdown-indicator-icon=\"&lt;i class=&quot;fas fa-angle-down&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" class=\"eael-simple-menu-container eael-simple-menu--loading eael-simple-menu-align-left eael-simple-menu-dropdown-align-left preset-2 eael-simple-menu-link-full-width\" data-hamburger-breakpoints=\"{&quot;mobile&quot;:&quot;Mobile Portrait (&gt; 767px)&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;:&quot;Tablet Portrait (&gt; 1024px)&quot;,&quot;desktop&quot;:&quot;Desktop (&gt; 2400px)&quot;,&quot;none&quot;:&quot;None&quot;}\" data-hamburger-device=\"tablet\">\n                <ul id=\"menu-czasopismo-pcacd\" class=\"eael-simple-menu eael-simple-menu-dropdown-animate-to-top eael-simple-menu-indicator eael-simple-menu-vertical\"><li id=\"menu-item-154\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-154\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/03\/11\/czasopismo-progress-on-chemistry-and-application-of-chitin-and-its-derivatives\/\">O czasopi\u015bmie<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-155\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-155\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/03\/11\/informacje-dla-autorow\/\">Informacje dla autor\u00f3w<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-157\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-157\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/03\/11\/wytyczne-etyki-publikacyjnej\/\">Wytyczne etyki publikacyjnej<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-5550\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5550\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2026\/10\/14\/procedura-redakcyjna-i-wydawnicza\/\">Procedura redakcyjna i wydawnicza<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-156\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-156\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/03\/11\/rada-programowa\/\">Rada programowa<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3370\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3370\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/11\/30\/dotacje\/\">Dotacje<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-5267\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5267\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2026\/09\/29\/xxxi-2026\/\">XXXI (2026)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-4737\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4737\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2025\/09\/28\/xxx-2025\/\">XXX (2025)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-4503\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4503\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2024\/09\/30\/xxix-2024\/\">XXIX (2024)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3995\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3995\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2023\/09\/30\/xxviii-2023\/\">XXVIII (2023)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3297\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3297\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/10\/21\/xxvii-2022\/\">XXVII (2022)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3750\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3750\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2021\/01\/01\/xxvi-2021\/\">XXVI (2021)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3764\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3764\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2020\/01\/01\/xxv-2020\/\">XXV (2020)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3763\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3763\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2019\/01\/01\/xxiv-2019\/\">XXIV (2019)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3762\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3762\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2018\/01\/01\/xxiii-2018\/\">XXIII (2018)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3761\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3761\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2017\/01\/01\/xxii-2017\/\">XXII (2017)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3760\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3760\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/xxi-2016\/\">XXI (2016)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3759\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3759\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2015\/01\/01\/xx-2015\/\">XX (2015)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3754\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3754\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2014\/01\/01\/xix-2014\/\">XIX (2014)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3758\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3758\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2013\/01\/01\/xviii-2013\/\">XVIII (2013)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3757\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3757\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2012\/01\/14\/xvii-2012\/\">XVII (2012)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3756\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3756\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2011\/01\/01\/xvi-2011\/\">XVI (2011)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3755\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3755\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2010\/01\/01\/xv-2010\/\">XV (2010)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3753\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3753\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2007\/01\/01\/xii-2007\/\">XII (2007)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3752\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3752\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2006\/01\/14\/xi-2006\/\">XI (2006)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3751\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3751\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2004\/01\/01\/x-2004\/\">X (2004)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3765\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3765\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2003\/01\/01\/ix-2003\/\">IX (2003)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3766\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3766\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2002\/01\/10\/viii-2002\/\">VIII (2002)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-192\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-192\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2001\/01\/01\/vii-2001\/\">VII (2001)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-193\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-193\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/1998\/01\/01\/iv-1998\/\">IV (1998)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-194\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-194\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/1997\/01\/01\/iii-1997\/\">III (1997)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-195\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-195\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/1996\/01\/01\/ii-1996\/\">II (1996)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-196\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-196\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/1995\/01\/01\/i-1995\/\">I (1995)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>                <button class=\"eael-simple-menu-toggle\">\n                    <span class=\"sr-only \">Hamburger Toggle Menu<\/span>\n                    <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-bars\"><\/i>                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5379d2c6\" data-id=\"5379d2c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15a573c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"15a573c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- PCACD XXIX (2024): osobny wid\u017cet HTML. Nowy JPG: podmie\u0144 placeholder. Adresy historycznych plik\u00f3w zachowano ze \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142; dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 WWW opisana w raporcie. -->\n<section id=\"pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" aria-label=\"Informacje o tomie XXIX czasopisma PCACD\">\n<style>\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix,\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix {\n      background: transparent;\n      color: #25364b;\n      font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n      margin: 0;\n      padding: 14px 4px 8px;\n      border-bottom: 1px solid #b9c3ce;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-uklad {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      align-items: flex-start;\n      gap: 26px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-okladka-link {\n      display: block;\n      flex: 0 0 180px;\n      max-width: 100%;\n      line-height: 0;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-okladka {\n      display: block;\n      width: 100%;\n      height: auto;\n      border: 1px solid #9fabba;\n      border-radius: 3px;\n      box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(25, 43, 65, .12);\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-informacje {\n      flex: 1 1 310px;\n      min-width: 0;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-rok {\n      color: #5c6f83;\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      letter-spacing: 1px;\n      margin: 0 0 8px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-tom {\n      color: #233b59;\n      font-size: 25px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      line-height: 1.3;\n      margin: 0 0 12px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-tytul {\n      color: #263e59;\n      font-size: 17px;\n      font-weight: 600;\n      line-height: 1.5;\n      margin: 0 0 15px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-dane {\n      color: #405269;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      line-height: 1.8;\n      margin: 0 0 14px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-licencja {\n      color: #2a4768;\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      margin: 0 0 18px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-przyciski {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      gap: 9px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-przyciski a {\n      background: transparent;\n      border: 1px solid #98aabe;\n      border-radius: 4px;\n      color: #24486d;\n      display: inline-block;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      line-height: 1.5;\n      padding: 9px 12px;\n      text-decoration: none;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-przyciski a:hover,\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-przyciski a:focus-visible {\n      border-color: #526d8b;\n      color: #16334f;\n      text-decoration: underline;\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 640px) {\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxix { padding: 10px 2px 8px; }\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-uklad { gap: 20px; }\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-okladka-link { flex-basis: 150px; }\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-informacje { flex-basis: 100%; }\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-tom { font-size: 22px; }\n    }\n  \n#pcacd-naglowek-xxix {scroll-margin-top:20px;}\n\n#pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-tom-wiersz {display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;margin:0 0 12px;}\n#pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-tom-wiersz .pcacd-tom {margin:0;}\n#pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-nawigacja {display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px;}\n#pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-nawigacja a {display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;color:#24486d;border:1px solid #a9b8c8;border-radius:4px;background:transparent;padding:6px 10px;font:500 12px\/1.4 Arial,sans-serif;}\n#pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-nawigacja a:hover, #pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-nawigacja a:focus-visible {border-color:#526d8b;text-decoration:underline;outline-offset:2px;}\n@media(max-width:640px) {#pcacd-naglowek-xxix .pcacd-nawigacja {flex-basis:100%;}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"pcacd-uklad\">\n<a class=\"pcacd-okladka-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/PCACD_XXIX_2024_cover.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"Otw\u00f3rz ok\u0142adk\u0119 do druku (PDF)\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pcacd-okladka\" src=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/PCACD_2024_FRONT_COVER.jpg\" alt=\"Przednia ok\u0142adka PCACD, tom XXIX (2024)\" width=\"180\" height=\"256\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"pcacd-informacje\"><p class=\"pcacd-rok\" data-no-translation>PCACD \u00b7 2024<\/p>\n<div class=\"pcacd-tom-wiersz\"><h2 class=\"pcacd-tom\">Tom XXIX (29)<\/h2>\n<nav class=\"pcacd-nawigacja\" aria-label=\"Nawigacja mi\u0119dzy tomami\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/2023\/09\/30\/xxviii-2023\/\" data-pcacd-volume-link>\u2190 Poprzedni tom<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/2025\/09\/28\/xxx-2025\/\" data-pcacd-volume-link>Nast\u0119pny tom \u2192<\/a><\/nav><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcacd-tytul\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives (PCACD)<\/p>\n<p class=\"pcacd-dane\"><strong>Wydawca:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Polish Chitin Society<\/span><br><strong>ISSN (druk):<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>1896-5644<\/span><br><strong>Zawarto\u015b\u0107:<\/strong> 24 artyku\u0142y<\/p>\n<p class=\"pcacd-licencja\"><span data-no-translation>Open Access \u00b7 CC BY 4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pcacd-przyciski\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/PCACD_XXIX_2024_cover.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Ok\u0142adka do druku (PDF) \u2197<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PCACD_XXIX_2024_index.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Strony tytu\u0142owe i spis tre\u015bci (PDF) \u2197<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<script>(function(){var r=document.getElementById('pcacd-naglowek-xxix');if(!r)return;var en=\/^en\\b\/i.test(document.documentElement.lang)||\/^\\\/en(?:\\\/|$)\/.test(location.pathname);var nav=r.querySelector('.pcacd-nawigacja');if(en&&nav){nav.setAttribute('aria-label','Volume navigation');r.querySelector('.pcacd-tom').textContent='Volume XXIX (29)';Array.prototype.forEach.call(nav.querySelectorAll('a'),function(a,i){var u=new URL(a.href,location.href);if(u.hostname==='ptchit.lodz.pl'&&!\/^\\\/en\\\/\/.test(u.pathname))u.pathname='\/en'+u.pathname;a.href=u.href;a.textContent=a.textContent.indexOf('\u2190')>=0?'\u2190 Previous volume':'Next volume \u2192';});}})();<\/script><\/section>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a01a45c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"a01a45c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- PCACD XXIX (2024): wszystkie 24 publikacje w jednym wid\u017cecie HTML. -->\r\n<div id=\"pcacd-artykuly-2024\">\r\n<style>\r\n\/* Tylko lista PCACD 2024 \u2013 bez zmian w szablonie PTChit *\/\r\n#pcacd-artykuly-2024 {font-family:Arial,sans-serif; 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Wszystkie publikacje s\u0105 widoczne; abstrakty mo\u017cna rozwija\u0107.<\/p><\/noscript><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-lista\">\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-001\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 przegl\u0105dowy | Strony 7\u201320<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Recent advances in the electrophoretic deposition of chitosan-silver nanocomposite coatings on metallic implants with enhanced biocidal properties<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Bo\u017cena \u0141osiewicz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9472-1893\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Bo\u017cena \u0141osiewicz \u2014 0000-0001-9472-1893\" aria-label=\"ORCID Bo\u017cena \u0141osiewicz \u2014 0000-0001-9472-1893\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Patrycja Osak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0628-6367\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Patrycja Osak \u2014 0000-0002-0628-6367\" aria-label=\"ORCID Patrycja Osak \u2014 0000-0002-0628-6367\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Delfina Nowi\u0144ska<\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.001<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/RECENT_ADVANCES_IN_THE_ELECTROPHORETIC_DEPOSITION_OF_CHITOSAN-SILVER_NANOCOMPOSITE_COATINGS_ON_METALLIC_IMPLANTS_WITH_ENHANCE_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This review covers the latest issues related to the development of medical technologies based on chitosan coatings. The progress of modern implantology requires medicine to adapt constantly to new opportunities and challenges. Infections may occur at the implantation site or in the body and may require treatment with antibiotics or surgery to resolve them. Due to its unique properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and antibacterial activity, chitosan has been proposed to be co-deposited with biocidal silver nanoparticles in the form of nanocomposite coatings on the surface of metallic implants to extinguish local inflammations. The mechanism of co-deposition of chitosan with metal ions and particles using electrophoretic deposition has not yet been thoroughly explained. This, among others, results from a number of factors that influence the process and their mutual relations. Therefore, the present review aims at a deeper understanding of the mechanism of creating chitosan-silver nanocomposite coatings.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>biocide, chitosan, electrophoretic deposition, metallic implants, nanocomposite, silver nanoparticles<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-002\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 przegl\u0105dowy | Strony 21\u201329<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Endophytic fungi as chitin-modifying enzymes producers<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Olga Marchut-Miko\u0142ajczyk <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2041-3980\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Olga Marchut-Miko\u0142ajczyk \u2014 0000-0003-2041-3980\" aria-label=\"ORCID Olga Marchut-Miko\u0142ajczyk \u2014 0000-0003-2041-3980\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.002<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ENDOPHYTIC_FUNGI_AS_CHITIN-MODIFYING_ENZYMES_PRODUCERS_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Chitosan and chitooligosaccharides, which are products of chitin modification, have wide industrial applications. An improved understanding of the structure and properties of chitin-modifying enzymes has increased the interest in obtaining them from microbial sources and using them in the biotechnological production of these essential sugars. Endophytic fungi include a diverse group of microorganisms that inhabit the intercellular and intracellular areas of plant tissues, thus exerting beneficial effects on host species. They are considered an extremely valuable source of biologically active secondary metabolites and enzymes with high application potential. This review presents the potential of endophytic fungi to produce chitin-modifying enzymes and discusses the role of chitin modification by enzymes produced by fungal endophytes in their survival in the plant host.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>endophytic fungi, chitin modification, enzymes<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-003\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 przegl\u0105dowy | Strony 30\u201343<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Chitosan as a drug carrier<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Patrycja Osak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0628-6367\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Patrycja Osak \u2014 0000-0002-0628-6367\" aria-label=\"ORCID Patrycja Osak \u2014 0000-0002-0628-6367\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Bo\u017cena \u0141osiewicz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9472-1893\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Bo\u017cena \u0141osiewicz \u2014 0000-0001-9472-1893\" aria-label=\"ORCID Bo\u017cena \u0141osiewicz \u2014 0000-0001-9472-1893\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Delfina Nowi\u0144ska<\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.003<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CHITOSAN_AS_A_DRUG_CARRIER_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The review discusses the latest issues related to using chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer derived from chitin, as a carrier in intelligent drug-delivery systems. The continuous development of medicine and rapid technological progress pose new challenges in designing new therapeutic agents. Chitosan has properties that make it suitable for drug-delivery applications, such as its ability to form nanoparticles and its mucoadhesion that enhance drug absorption. Chitosan can be combined with antibiotics, analgesics and other ingredients with specific properties. While chitosan is not medicinal substance, it can be a carrier in controlled drug-release systems.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, drug-delivery system, antibiotics, painkillers<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-004\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 przegl\u0105dowy | Strony 44\u201359<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Progress of knowledge in the development of chitosan formulations with insulin to promote skin wound healing<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Marcin Przyby\u0142a<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Barbara Doli\u0144ska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3035-7417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Barbara Doli\u0144ska \u2014 0000-0003-3035-7417\" aria-label=\"ORCID Barbara Doli\u0144ska \u2014 0000-0003-3035-7417\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Aneta Ostr\u00f3\u017cka-Cie\u015blik <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5179-1370\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Aneta Ostr\u00f3\u017cka-Cie\u015blik \u2014 0000-0002-5179-1370\" aria-label=\"ORCID Aneta Ostr\u00f3\u017cka-Cie\u015blik \u2014 0000-0002-5179-1370\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.004<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PROGRESS_OF_KNOWLEDGE_IN_THE_DEVELOPMENT_OF_CHITOSAN_FORMULATIONS_WITH_INSULIN_TO_PROMOTE_SKIN_WOUND_HEALING_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The treatment of difficult-to-heal wounds is a major problem in modern medicine. The search for new materials and ways to treat wounds is important and timely. Insulin stimulates proliferation, differentiation and migration of skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Chitosan has beneficial biological properties and can be an effective carrier of insulin. This review discusses research into the development of chitosan formulations with insulin to aid local treatment of chronic wounds. The PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for studies on chitosan preparations with insulin in terms of their efficacy in wound healing. Twelve original English-language articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals were included in the analysis. Insulin preparations in a chitosan matrix in the form of gel, hydrogel, injection and non-woven dressing are highly effective at all stages of the wound-healing process. They show anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. Insulin from the formulations is released in a prolonged or controlled manner. However, it seems necessary to learn more about the mechanisms of insulin action within lesions. Of note, the data are mainly from basic and preclinical studies. Only one clinical study has been conducted.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, insulin, hydrogel, dermal drug delivery, wound dressing<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-005\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 przegl\u0105dowy | Strony 60\u201374<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Applications of chitosan in the preparation of care cosmetics<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Julia Rypi\u0144ska<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Justyna Koz\u0142owska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2482-339X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Justyna Koz\u0142owska \u2014 0000-0002-2482-339X\" aria-label=\"ORCID Justyna Koz\u0142owska \u2014 0000-0002-2482-339X\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.005<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/APPLICATIONS_OF_CHITOSAN_IN_THE_PREPARATION_OF_CARE_COSMETICS_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Cosmetics manufacturers are becoming increasingly interested in chitosan due to its interesting biological and technical properties, which include being a natural conditioning and moisturising agent for the skin and hair. Indeed, according to the European Commission database CosIng (https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/growth\/tools-databases\/cosing\/details\/ 75065), the functions assigned to chitosan in cosmetics are film forming and hair fixing. This review discusses the unique physicochemical and functional properties of chitosan, the market for chitosan-based skin care and hair products and recent advances. Finally, future perspectives regarding applications of this biopolymer in cosmetics are discussed.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, cosmetics, moisturising, conditioning, skin, hair<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-006\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 przegl\u0105dowy | Strony 75\u201398<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Synthesis and properties of binary and ternary interpolyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Shuhrat Shamsiddinovich Khudoyberdiyev <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0696-3743\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Shuhrat Shamsiddinovich Khudoyberdiyev \u2014 0000-0002-0696-3743\" aria-label=\"ORCID Shuhrat Shamsiddinovich Khudoyberdiyev \u2014 0000-0002-0696-3743\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Noira Rakhimovna Vokhidova <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0477-3708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Noira Rakhimovna Vokhidova \u2014 0000-0003-0477-3708\" aria-label=\"ORCID Noira Rakhimovna Vokhidova \u2014 0000-0003-0477-3708\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Sayyora Sharafovna Rashidova <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1667-4619\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Sayyora Sharafovna Rashidova \u2014 0000-0003-1667-4619\" aria-label=\"ORCID Sayyora Sharafovna Rashidova \u2014 0000-0003-1667-4619\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.006<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SYNTHESIS_AND_PROPERTIES_OF_BINARY_AND_TERNARY_INTERPOLYELECTROLYTE_COMPLEXES_OF_CHITOSAN_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This review provides a comprehensive summary of the results of research, published from 2002 to 2023, on the synthesis, physicochemical properties and medical applications of binary and ternary interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs) based on chitosan, carboxymethylcellulose and collagen. The application of IPECs in the medical field mainly refers to their use in medical therapy and bone regeneration. In addition, we describe our original studies on IPECs based on chitosan and collagen.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, collagen, binary and ternary interpolyelectrolyte complexes, polyanion and polyampholyte<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-007\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 99\u2013112<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Synthesis of chitosan composites with methylene blue, malachite green and acid fuchsin dyes for enhancement of their antimicrobial action<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Volodymyr Antonyuk <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3643-4957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Volodymyr Antonyuk \u2014 0000-0002-3643-4957\" aria-label=\"ORCID Volodymyr Antonyuk \u2014 0000-0002-3643-4957\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Nazar Manko <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1203-7479\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Nazar Manko \u2014 0000-0003-1203-7479\" aria-label=\"ORCID Nazar Manko \u2014 0000-0003-1203-7479\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Lidiia Panchak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9621-3304\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Lidiia Panchak \u2014 0000-0002-9621-3304\" aria-label=\"ORCID Lidiia Panchak \u2014 0000-0002-9621-3304\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Semen Khomyak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1931-1688\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Semen Khomyak \u2014 0000-0003-1931-1688\" aria-label=\"ORCID Semen Khomyak \u2014 0000-0003-1931-1688\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Oleksandr Gromyko <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8107-0128\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Oleksandr Gromyko \u2014 0000-0002-8107-0128\" aria-label=\"ORCID Oleksandr Gromyko \u2014 0000-0002-8107-0128\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Rostyslav Stoika <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5719-2187\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Rostyslav Stoika \u2014 0000-0001-5719-2187\" aria-label=\"ORCID Rostyslav Stoika \u2014 0000-0001-5719-2187\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.007\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.007<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/SYNTHESIS_OF_CHITOSAN_COMPOSITES_WITH_METHYLENE_BLUE_MALACHITE_GREEN_AND_ACID_FUCHSIN_DYES_FOR_ENHANCEMENT_OF_THEIR_ANTIMICR_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The effect of chitosan oxidation with sodium periodate on the ability to form complexes with the dyes methylene blue, malachite green and acid fuchsin, which have an antiseptic effect, was investigated. A non-covalent interaction occurred for methylene blue and malachite green, while a covalent interaction occurred for acid fuchsin. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of chitosan composites with these dyes. The antimicrobial effect of these dyes complexed with oxidised chitosan against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis<\/em> and <em>Escherichia coli<\/em> was investigated. The non-covalent attachment of malachite green and methylene blue to chitosan preserved their antimicrobial effect; hence, complexes of these dyes with oxidised chitosan provide a more convenient form that is less staining. However, the covalent conjugation of acid fuchsin with oxidised chitosan caused a significant loss of the antimicrobial activity. The developed method of conjugation of specific dyes with chitosan can be used to create complexes of this biopolymer with a wide range of biologically active organic substances.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan; periodate oxidation; methylene blue, malachite green, acid fuchsin; conjugates and adducts; FTIR analysis; antimicrobial action<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-008\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 113\u2013127<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Hygienic papers modified by functional biopolymer-biocide compositions in a pilot research installation<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Mateusz Data<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Danuta Ciecha\u0144ska<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">\u0141ukasz Horajski<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Bogumi\u0142 Brycki <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5659-9847\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Bogumi\u0142 Brycki \u2014 0000-0002-5659-9847\" aria-label=\"ORCID Bogumi\u0142 Brycki \u2014 0000-0002-5659-9847\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Maria Wi\u015bniewska-Wrona <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5666-4138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Maria Wi\u015bniewska-Wrona \u2014 0000-0001-5666-4138\" aria-label=\"ORCID Maria Wi\u015bniewska-Wrona \u2014 0000-0001-5666-4138\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ewa Kopania <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5855-6878\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ewa Kopania \u2014 0000-0001-5855-6878\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ewa Kopania \u2014 0000-0001-5855-6878\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Justyna Wietecha <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3285-074X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Justyna Wietecha \u2014 0000-0003-3285-074X\" aria-label=\"ORCID Justyna Wietecha \u2014 0000-0003-3285-074X\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Dorota Ka\u017amierczak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4579-3414\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Dorota Ka\u017amierczak \u2014 0000-0003-4579-3414\" aria-label=\"ORCID Dorota Ka\u017amierczak \u2014 0000-0003-4579-3414\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Jagoda J\u00f3\u017awik-Pruska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4517-0057\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Jagoda J\u00f3\u017awik-Pruska \u2014 0000-0003-4517-0057\" aria-label=\"ORCID Jagoda J\u00f3\u017awik-Pruska \u2014 0000-0003-4517-0057\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.008\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.008<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/HYGIENIC_PAPERS_MODIFIED_BY_FUNCTIONAL_BIOPOLYMER-BIOCIDE_COMPOSITIONS_IN_A_PILOT_RESEARCH_INSTALLATION_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The aim of this work was to demonstrate the process of manufacturing and applying functionalising additives using a pilot research installation. As part of the optimisation evaluation, hygienic papers functionalised with biopolymer-biocide compositions based on chitosan, starch and Gemini surfactants were prepared. The microbiological properties and susceptibility to biodegradation of prototype hygienic papers (prepared in EPICOM) were assessed. In particular, the minimum amount of biopolymer and bioactive agent were determined to ensure the finished product exerted antibacterial activity against <em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em>, <em>Bacillus subtilis<\/em> and <em>Escherichia coli<\/em> and was more than 90% biodegradable in a compost environment. Under optimal conditions, the hygienic paper exerted excellent antibacterial activity against <em>S. aureus<\/em> and <em>E. coli<\/em> as well as good activity against <em>B. subtilis<\/em>. Moreover, the hygienic paper showed more than 90% biodegradability in compost conditions within 8 weeks.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>biodegradable, bioactive hygienic papers, Gemini surfactants, chitosan-starch functional compositions<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-009\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 128\u2013139<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Study of the kinetics of copper ion sorption by chitosan spheres<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Joanna Dziedzic<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Dorota Binia\u015b <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2548-1774\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Dorota Binia\u015b \u2014 0000-0002-2548-1774\" aria-label=\"ORCID Dorota Binia\u015b \u2014 0000-0002-2548-1774\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">W\u0142odzimierz Binia\u015b <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7260-7739\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID W\u0142odzimierz Binia\u015b \u2014 0000-0002-7260-7739\" aria-label=\"ORCID W\u0142odzimierz Binia\u015b \u2014 0000-0002-7260-7739\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.009<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/STUDY_OF_THE_KINETICS_OF_COPPER_ION_SORPTION_BY_CHITOSAN_SPHERES_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Chitosan, a polysaccharide derived from chitin, has adsorption capacity, particularly towards heavy metal ions. The aim of this study was to produce chitosan spheres with and without CCP 90 activated carbon and then to evaluate their adsorption ability and kinetics using an aqueous copper(II) solution. The research was conducted using ultraviolet\u2013visible spectrophotometry, examining the surface morphology of the obtained spheres after copper ion (Cu<sup>2+<\/sup>) adsorption, along with elemental analysis with an energy dispersive spectrometric probe. The results confirmed an increase in the adsorption of Cu<sup>2+<\/sup> on chitosan spheres with CCP 90 activated carbon.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, sorption, hydrogel spheres, UV-Vis<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-010\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 140\u2013155<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The combination of waste products from chitin and sawdust to remove anionic and cationic dyes<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Urszula Filipkowska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0140-6558\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Urszula Filipkowska \u2014 0000-0003-0140-6558\" aria-label=\"ORCID Urszula Filipkowska \u2014 0000-0003-0140-6558\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Tomasz J\u00f3\u017awiak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-9827\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Tomasz J\u00f3\u017awiak \u2014 0000-0003-3360-9827\" aria-label=\"ORCID Tomasz J\u00f3\u017awiak \u2014 0000-0003-3360-9827\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.010<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/THE_COMBINATION_OF_WASTE_PRODUCTS_FROM_CHITIN_AND_SAWDUST_TO_REMOVE_ANIONIC_AND_CATIONIC_DYES_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The application of the immobilisation method \u2013 which consists of immobilising modified sawdust in a carrier, a chitosan gel \u2013 enabled the development of a new sorbent. By combining waste products from chitin and sawdust, the properties of both adsorbents were utilised. This paper evaluated the adsorption efficiency of four dyes \u2013 Reactive Yellow 84, Reactive Black 8, Basic Violet 10 and Basic Green 4 \u2013 on four adsorbents \u2013 chitin flakes, chitosan flakes, chitosan beads and sawdust immobilised in chitosan beads. The latter adsorbent showed good adsorption properties for both anionic and cationic dyes. The experimental results showed a relationship between the amount of adsorbed and desorbed dye and the type of adsorbent. Chitin flakes showed the lowest adsorption capacity, regardless of the type of dye. The immobilisation of modified sawdust in chitosan had a particularly positive effect on the binding efficiency of cationic dyes.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitin flakes, chitosan flakes, chitosan beads, modified chitosan in sawdust, cyclic adsorption\/desorption<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-011\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 156\u2013165<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Comparison of the effectiveness of chitosan and auxin on <em>in vitro<\/em> and <em>ex vitro<\/em> rooting of <em>Vaccinium corymbosum<\/em> L.<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4333-9122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" aria-label=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ireneusz Ochmian <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3606-1927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.011<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/COMPARISON_OF_THE_EFFECTIVENESS_OF_CHITOSAN_AND_AUXIN_ON_IN_VITRO_AND_EX_VITRO_ROOTING_OF_VACCINIUM_CORYMBOSUM_L._PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>A highly efficient micropropagation process can be achieved by using proper conditions for root initiation and growth of regenerated shoots. The efficiency of auxin and chitosan on in vitro rhizogenesis of the highbush blueberry (<em>Vaccinium corymbosum<\/em> L.) cv. Liberty was developed. After the multiplication stage, explants were transferred to Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with 0.1 mg dm<sup>\u22123<\/sup> zeatin and 1.0 or 2.0 mg dm<sup>\u22123<\/sup> of the auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), or chitosan with a molecular weight of 800 kDa at a concentration of 20 or 40 ppm. Among the tested combinations, the maximum mean shoot and root length (6.28 and 1.73 cm, respectively) were recorded for WPM with 0.1 mg dm<sup>\u22123<\/sup> zeatin and 2.0 mg dm<sup>\u22123<\/sup> IBA. The higher chitosan concentration in the WPM medium increased the length of shoots and roots. The highest percentage (100%) of rooted plants was obtained on WPM with the addition of 0.1 mg dm<sup>\u22123<\/sup> zeatin and 40 ppm chitosan. Moreover, leaves of the highbush blueberries from this medium were brighter (<em>L<\/em>* from 22% to 36%) and greener (<em>a<\/em>* -2.70 and -4.56, respectively) compared with the leaves of plants grown on WPM containing IBA.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>plant acclimatisation, biopolymer, rhizogenesis, medium, highbush blueberry, Cie <em>L<\/em>*<em>a<\/em>*<em>b<\/em>*<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-012\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 166\u2013177<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Alleviative effects of chitosan and nanosilver on <em>Solanum pimpinellifolium<\/em> under heavy metal stress <em>in vitro<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4333-9122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" aria-label=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ireneusz Ochmian <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3606-1927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.012<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ALLEVIATIVE_EFFECTS_OF_CHITOSAN_AND_NANOSILVER_ON_SOLANUM_PIMPINELLIFOLIUM_UNDER_HEAVY_METAL_STRESS_IN_VITRO_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This study aimed to investigate the potential mitigation of copper stress in tomato plants (<em>Solanum pimpinellifolium<\/em> L0566) through the addition of chitosan (CH) or nanosilver (nAg) to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium under in vitro conditions. Various growth parameters; the proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total polyphenol and mineral contents; and CIE <em>L<\/em>*<em>a<\/em>*<em>b<\/em>* colour parameters were evaluated. After the multiplication stage, the explants were transferred to MS medium (control); MS + 20 ppm chitosan with a molecular weight of 3.33 kDa (CH<sub>3.33<\/sub>); MS + 6 mg l<sup>\u22121<\/sup> nAg; MS + 100 \u03bcM l<sup>\u22121<\/sup> copper sulfate (CuSO<sub>4<\/sub>); MS+20 ppm CH<sub>3.33<\/sub>+100 \u03bcM l<sup>\u22121<\/sup> CuSO<sub>4<\/sub>; or MS + 6 mg l<sup>\u22121<\/sup> nAg + 100 \u03bcM l<sup>\u22121<\/sup> CuSO<sub>4<\/sub>. The results indicated that while CuSO<sub>4<\/sub> or CuSO<sub>4<\/sub>-nAg solutions inhibited growth traits, CH<sub>3.33<\/sub> stimulated growth, particularly shoot production, and plants treated with CH<sub>3.33<\/sub> exhibited better developed roots and a higher fresh mass. Additionally, CH<sub>3.33<\/sub> alleviated the negative effects of CuSO<sub>4<\/sub> on the proline, MDA and total polyphenol contents in tomato plants. Moreover, tomato explants exhibited greener leaves, while those treated with nAg and CuSO<sub>4<\/sub> showed decreased colour values. CH<sub>3.33<\/sub> or nAg positively influenced the mineral content of tomato leaves under heavy metal stress. This study underscores the complex interactions between growth medium components on tomato plant growth, physiology and the mineral content, highlighting the potential of chitosan in mitigating heavy metal stress in tomato plants.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>tomato, chitosan, in vitro, nanoparticle, copper<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-013\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 178\u2013185<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Protection of the oesophageal mucosa with chitosan gels<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0127-835X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska \u2014 0000-0002-0127-835X\" aria-label=\"ORCID Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska \u2014 0000-0002-0127-835X\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Hanna Bazan <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7699-5309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Hanna Bazan \u2014 0009-0006-7699-5309\" aria-label=\"ORCID Hanna Bazan \u2014 0009-0006-7699-5309\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.013<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PROTECTION_OF_THE_OESOPHAGEAL_MUCOSA_WITH_CHITOSAN_GELS_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>In developed countries, gastro-oesophageal reflux is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases. Although acid reflux is more well known, alkaline reflux is equally troublesome. In either of the two cases, the oesophageal mucosa is destroyed. The aim of this study was to analyse the possibility of eliminating the problem by using hydrogels containing dextran and chitosan to prevent irritation of the oesophageal mucosa. The addition of chitosan to all tested gels increased their dynamic viscosity, enabling better adhesion and, consequently, better protection of the mucous membrane. The addition of dextran reduced the pH of the tested gels, which allowed for the neutralisation of alkaline reflux. Based on the texture tests, chitosan and dextran increased work of adhesion.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>alkaline gastro-oesophageal reflux, physiological gastro-oesophageal environment, hydrophilic gels, oesophageal mucosa, anti-inflammatory drugs, oesophageal infections<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-014\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 186\u2013193<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Studies on chitosan gels with polyvinyl alcohol to protect the oesophageal mucosa<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0127-835X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska \u2014 0000-0002-0127-835X\" aria-label=\"ORCID Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska \u2014 0000-0002-0127-835X\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Hanna Bazan <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7699-5309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Hanna Bazan \u2014 0009-0006-7699-5309\" aria-label=\"ORCID Hanna Bazan \u2014 0009-0006-7699-5309\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.014<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/STUDIES_ON_CHITOSAN_GELS_WITH_POLYVINYL_ALCOHOL_TO_PROTECT_THE_OESOPHAGEAL_MUCOSA_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Young children have an incompletely developed digestive tract and they are susceptible to numerous disorders due to the return of acid and alkaline content to the oesophagus. The aim of the study was to analyse the ability of hydrogels containing chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol to prevent irritation of the oesophageal mucosa in children. The addition of chitosan to the tested gels increased their pH, which could be useful to neutralise gastric reflux, and dynamic viscosity. The texture tests revealed that chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol significantly increased the work of adhesion work.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>mild treatment of reflux in children, physiological gastro-oesophageal environment, hydrophilic gels, oesophageal mucosa, anti-inflammatory drugs, oesophageal infections<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-015\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 194\u2013212<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Features of the interaction and formation of nanostructured chitosan systems during ionotropic gelation<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Rakiya Yunusovna Milusheva <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2573-1013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Rakiya Yunusovna Milusheva \u2014 0000-0003-2573-1013\" aria-label=\"ORCID Rakiya Yunusovna Milusheva \u2014 0000-0003-2573-1013\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ilnar Nakipovich Nurgaliev <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6983-4375\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ilnar Nakipovich Nurgaliev \u2014 0000-0002-6983-4375\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ilnar Nakipovich Nurgaliev \u2014 0000-0002-6983-4375\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Sayora Sharafovna Rashidova <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3104-6004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Sayora Sharafovna Rashidova \u2014 0000-0003-3104-6004\" aria-label=\"ORCID Sayora Sharafovna Rashidova \u2014 0000-0003-3104-6004\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.015<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FEATURES_OF_THE_INTERACTION_AND_FORMATION_OF_NANOSTRUCTURED_CHITOSAN_SYSTEMS_DURING_IONOTROPIC_GELATION_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><em>Bombyx mori<\/em> chitosan nanoparticles (ChS NPs) were obtained and the kinetic aspects of their size distribution depending on the degree of nonequilibrium of the synthesis by ionotropic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) were studied. The size of ChS NPs was greatly influenced by the ChS concentration, which varied from 0.5 to 10 mg\/ml. The size of the NPs increased from 100 to 300 nm when the ChS concentration increased from 0.5 to 10 mg\/ml and while maintaining all other parameters of the reaction. An increase in the ChS to-TPP ratio corresponded to a lower cross-linking density and thus ensured slower kinetics for NP formation alongside the formation of large chitosan\/TPP aggregates. There was an almost threefold increase in the particle size when the pH of the medium increased from 3.8 to 4.7; thus, the size of ChS NPs depends on the pH of the solution. There was a slight agglomeration of NPs from 363 to 642 nm with an increase in the NP synthesis time from 4 to 24 h. According to calculations, the maximum interaction energy is 50.4 and 69.4 kcal\/mol for deprotonated TPP (P<sub>3<\/sub>O<sub>10<\/sub><sup>5\u2212<\/sup>); after adiabatic transfer of the proton, the value decreases to 32.9\u201333.5 kcal\/mol. The maximum interaction energy is \u201312.8 kcal\/mol for the initially protonated TPP (H<sub>4<\/sub>P<sub>3<\/sub>O<sub>10<\/sub><sup>\u2212<\/sup>).<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><em>Bombyx mori<\/em> chitosan, tripolyphosphate, nanoparticles, ionic gelation, modelling, interaction energy<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-016\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 213\u2013230<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><em>o<\/em>-Phthalaldehyde cross-linked chitosan membrane as a quasi-solid-state electrolyte for supercapacitors<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Krzysztof Nowacki <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3664-5463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Krzysztof Nowacki \u2014 0000-0002-3664-5463\" aria-label=\"ORCID Krzysztof Nowacki \u2014 0000-0002-3664-5463\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Maciej Gali\u0144ski <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0398-5760\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Maciej Gali\u0144ski \u2014 0000-0002-0398-5760\" aria-label=\"ORCID Maciej Gali\u0144ski \u2014 0000-0002-0398-5760\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.016<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/o-PHTHALALDEHYDE_CROSS-LINKED_CHITOSAN_MEMBRANE_AS_A_QUASI-SOLID-STATE_ELECTROLYTE_FOR_SUPERCAPACITORS_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This study reports a stepwise formation method of a chitosan membrane cross-linked with <em>o<\/em>-phthalaldehyde and its use as a polymer matrix in a quasi-solid-state-electrolyte-based supercapacitor. The proposed method of cross-linking in chitosan solution and evaporation of the solvent yielded a homogeneous and durable chitosan-<em>o<\/em>-phthalaldehyde membrane, which, after dipping in an aqueous 2 M lithium sulfate solution, formed a quasi-solid-state-electrolyte (CS\/OPAQSSE). The prepared CS\/OPA-QSSE was then used in an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) cell to study its electrochemical properties. The electrochemical performance of the EDLC cell was determined by using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charging\/discharging techniques. The results showed that the EDLC cell with the CS\/OPA-QSSE is a fully functional and efficient device. The specific capacitance values calculated for the CS\/OPA-QSSE EDLC (up to 115 F g<sup>\u22121<\/sup>) always surpassed the reference cell based on a commercial glass fibre separator Therefore, the proposed chitosan modification can be considered as a future alternative to produce other polysaccharide-based materials for electrochemical use.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, <em>o<\/em>-phthalaldehyde, quasi-solid-state electrolyte, hydrogel electrolyte, electric double-layer capacitor, supercapacitor<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-017\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 231\u2013243<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Response of the \u2018Polesie\u2019 raspberry cultivar to foliar application of chitosan with different molecular weights<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ireneusz Ochmian <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3606-1927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4333-9122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" aria-label=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.017<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/RESPONSE_OF_THE_\u2018POLESIE_RASPBERRY_CULTIVAR_TO_FOLIAR_APPLICATION_OF_CHITOSAN_WITH_DIFFERENT_MOLECULAR_WEIGHTS_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This study explored the effects of chitosan, a biodegradable and non-toxic natural polymer derived from chitin, on the yield and quality of raspberries. Various molecular weights (3.3\u2013950 kDa) were assessed to determine the impact on raspberry plants and fruit development. These applications were made during key growth phases \u2013 the start of the vegetation period, during flowering and at the fruit-bearing stage \u2013 using a foliar method to ensure full coverage of both leaves and fruit without runoff. The results indicated that chitosan application influenced various parameters of fruit quality, including firmness, colour and antioxidant levels. Notably, chitosan with a molecular weight of 21 and 50 kDa significantly enhanced fruit yield and size compared with the control. Conversely, chitosan with a higher molecular weight (500 and 950 kDa) did not improve yield and appeared to induce stress in plants, although they did contribute to increased fruit firmness and potentially extended the shelf life due to their film-forming capabilities. The findings suggest that while chitosan can improve the yield and quality of raspberries, the effectiveness is highly dependent on its molecular weight. These results support the potential of chitosan as an alternative to traditional chemical treatments, promising a reduction in chemical inputs while sustaining or enhancing agricultural productivity and fruit quality.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>antioxidant activity, colour, grey mould, firmness, fruit size, polyphenols<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-018\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 244\u2013253<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Dynamic light scattering-based microrheology of thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels: preliminary studies<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Anna Ry\u0142 <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1741-7905\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Anna Ry\u0142 \u2014 0000-0003-1741-7905\" aria-label=\"ORCID Anna Ry\u0142 \u2014 0000-0003-1741-7905\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Piotr Owczarz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3754-3899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Piotr Owczarz \u2014 0000-0002-3754-3899\" aria-label=\"ORCID Piotr Owczarz \u2014 0000-0002-3754-3899\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.018<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/DYNAMIC_LIGHT_SCATTERING-BASED_MICRORHEOLOGY_OF_THERMOSENSITIVE_CHITOSAN_HYDROGELS_PRELIMINARY_STUDIES_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This paper presents a preliminary characterisation of the local mechanical properties of thermosensitive chitosan systems using dynamic light scattering, an endeavour that has not yet been attempted. The tests included solutions of chitosan chloride with the addition of sodium glycerophosphate as well as those without a substance to support the gelation process. There was much better agreement between the data obtained from measurements on the microscopic and macroscopic scales for systems without the addition of glycerophosphate. In most cases, the addition of a pH-neutralising salt resulted in higher values of dynamic moduli than those obtained during microrheological measurements. Therefore, it seems to be possible to use dynamic light scattering to conduct microrheological studies of thermosensitive chitosan systems.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>thermosensitive hydrogels, chitosan, DLS, microrheology<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-019\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 254\u2013262<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Foliar application of depolymerised chitosan enhances the growth and content of polyphenols and <em>L<\/em>-ascorbic acid in <em>Eucomis autumnalis<\/em>, an ornamental and medicinal plant<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Piotr Salachna <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0403-8519\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Piotr Salachna \u2014 0000-0003-0403-8519\" aria-label=\"ORCID Piotr Salachna \u2014 0000-0003-0403-8519\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Agnieszka Zawadzi\u0144ska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0882-9919\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Agnieszka Zawadzi\u0144ska \u2014 0000-0002-0882-9919\" aria-label=\"ORCID Agnieszka Zawadzi\u0144ska \u2014 0000-0002-0882-9919\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.019<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/FOLIAR_APPLICATION_OF_DEPOLYMERISED_CHITOSAN_ENHANCES_THE_GROWTH_AND_CONTENT_OF_POLYPHENOLS_AND_L-ASCORBIC_ACID_IN_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Chitosan and its derivatives are promising plant biostimulants with potentially broad applications in agriculture and horticulture. In this study, we determined the effect of the application method and dose of depolymerised chitosan on morphological characteristics and metabolite levels in <em>Eucomis autumnalis<\/em>, a medicinal and ornamental plant. Depolymerised chitosan (molecular weight ~154,500 g\/mol, number average molecular weight ~22,800 g\/mol and degree of deacetylation ~85%) was used at 50 and 100 mg\/l by drenching plants or spraying. In general, depolymerised chitosan increased the length of plant leaves and roots, especially at the dose of 100 mg\/l, and also increased the fresh weight of leaves, bulbs and roots, with a more potent effect found when depolymerised chitosan was applied as a foliar spray. In addition, spraying the plants with chitosan solution at 50 and 100 mg\/l caused a significant increase in the total chlorophyll content, by 55.4% and 42.0%, respectively, and the total polyphenol content, by 77.7% and 59.0%, respectively, compared with the control. On the other hand, the biosynthesis of carotenoids was most favourably affected by the application of 100 mg\/l depolymerised chitosan by drenching and 50 mg\/l depolymerised chitosan by spraying. Foliar application of depolymerised chitosan led to an increase in leaf L-ascorbic acid content by an average of 36.4%, regardless of the dose. The results suggest that depolymerised chitosan applied as a foliar spray promoted the growth of <em>E. autumnalis<\/em> and contributed to increased biosynthesis of polyphenols, which may be a future means of obtaining metabolites in this species.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>polysaccharides, chitosan oligomers, elicitors, phenolic, pineapple lily<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-020\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 263\u2013269<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>pH stability and kinetics of pH deactivation of chitin deacetylase produced by <em>Absidia orchidis<\/em><\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Barbara M. Stencel <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2700-9229\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Barbara M. Stencel \u2014 0009-0005-2700-9229\" aria-label=\"ORCID Barbara M. Stencel \u2014 0009-0005-2700-9229\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ma\u0142gorzata M. Jaworska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3810-3991\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ma\u0142gorzata M. Jaworska \u2014 0000-0002-3810-3991\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ma\u0142gorzata M. Jaworska \u2014 0000-0002-3810-3991\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.020<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/pH_STABILITY_AND_KINETICS_OF_pH_DEACTIVATION_OF_CHITIN_DEACETYLASE_PRODUCED_BY_ABSIDIA_ORCHIDIS_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This paper presents the influence of pH on the activity and stability of an extracellular chitin deacetylase produced by <em>Absidia orchidis<\/em>. It showed the highest activity at pH 4.0 and was most stable at pH 9.5. In addition, there was pH deactivation that could be described by first-order irreversible kinetics. The pH deactivation rate constant changed linearly with pH in the range from 4.0 to 9.0.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitin deacetylase, pH-deactivation, pH-stability<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-021\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 270\u2013275<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The use of enzymes from <em>Mucor circinelloides<\/em> IBT-83 in the synthesis of chitooligosaccharides \u2013 preliminary research<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Katarzyna Struszczyk-\u015awita <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7885-0249\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Katarzyna Struszczyk-\u015awita \u2014 0000-0001-7885-0249\" aria-label=\"ORCID Katarzyna Struszczyk-\u015awita \u2014 0000-0001-7885-0249\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.021<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/THE_USE_OF_ENZYMES_FROM_MUCOR_CIRCINELLOIDES_IBT-83_IN_THE_SYNTHESIS_OF_CHITOOLIGOSACCHARIDES_\u2013_PRELIMINARY_RESEARCH_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Chitooligosaccharides (COS) have numerous biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer and antioxidant. Unlike high-molecular-weight chitosan, COS have a number of advantages in large-scale commercial applications due to their water solubility and low viscosity. COS are used in the food, agricultural, medical and pharmaceutical industries. The present study demonstrated that intracellular, partially purified enzymes from <em>Mucor circinelloides<\/em> IBT-83 can hydrolyse chitosan and effectively catalyse the synthesis of a heterodimer composed of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (carried out at a 2.5-fold molar excess of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine relative to D-glucosamine in an acetate buffer [pH 5.5] containing 20% ammonium sulfate). The obtained product was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitooligosaccharides, chitosanolytic enzymes, reverse hydrolysis, <em>Mucor circinelloides<\/em><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-022\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 276\u2013288<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) coated with chitosan and cyclosporine A layers as a potential stent material and drug-delivery system<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Klaudia Szafran <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0152-0839\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Klaudia Szafran \u2014 0000-0002-0152-0839\" aria-label=\"ORCID Klaudia Szafran \u2014 0000-0002-0152-0839\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ma\u0142gorzata Jurak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5365-7677\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ma\u0142gorzata Jurak \u2014 0000-0002-5365-7677\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ma\u0142gorzata Jurak \u2014 0000-0002-5365-7677\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Robert Mroczka <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9633-9188\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Robert Mroczka \u2014 0000-0001-9633-9188\" aria-label=\"ORCID Robert Mroczka \u2014 0000-0001-9633-9188\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Katarzyna Pastuszak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9682-0809\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Katarzyna Pastuszak \u2014 0009-0001-9682-0809\" aria-label=\"ORCID Katarzyna Pastuszak \u2014 0009-0001-9682-0809\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Agnieszka Ewa Wi\u0105cek <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7425-9694\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Agnieszka Ewa Wi\u0105cek \u2014 0000-0002-7425-9694\" aria-label=\"ORCID Agnieszka Ewa Wi\u0105cek \u2014 0000-0002-7425-9694\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.022<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/POLYETHYLENE_TEREPHTHALATE_PET_COATED_WITH_CHITOSAN_AND_CYCLOSPORINE_A_LAYERS_AS_A_POTENTIAL_STENT_MATERIAL_AND_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The aim of this paper was to design, prepare and characterise chitosan (Ch) and cyclosporine A (CsA) mixed films deposited on a plasma-activated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer surface to be used as a cover for implantable blood vessel stents. The PET polymer coated with Ch and CsA layers was immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) to examine how the obtained layers can behave in the environment of human body fluids. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry was employed to determine the chemical composition of the deposited films and to analyse the spatial distribution of molecules on the PET surface. The results showed the controlled release of CsA from the chitosan matrix. It can be concluded that the modification of the PET polymer with layers of chitosan and CsA has great application potential in the tissue engineering as a biocompatible stent of blood vessels with therapeutic properties.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, CsA, PET, air plasma, Langmuir\u2013Blodgett technique, mass spectrometry<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-023\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 289\u2013305<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Polymer biocomposites in the form of hydrogel used for the treatment of pressure sores<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Maria Wi\u015bniewska-Wrona <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5666-4138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Maria Wi\u015bniewska-Wrona \u2014 0000-0001-5666-4138\" aria-label=\"ORCID Maria Wi\u015bniewska-Wrona \u2014 0000-0001-5666-4138\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Monika Sikora <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0405-7982\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Monika Sikora \u2014 0000-0002-0405-7982\" aria-label=\"ORCID Monika Sikora \u2014 0000-0002-0405-7982\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Monika Owczarek <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3758-150X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Monika Owczarek \u2014 0000-0003-3758-150X\" aria-label=\"ORCID Monika Owczarek \u2014 0000-0003-3758-150X\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.023<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/POLYMER_BIOCOMPOSITES_IN_THE_FORM_OF_HYDROGEL_USED_FOR_THE_TREATMENT_OF_PRESSURE_SORES_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This paper presents research related to the development of hydrogel polymer biocomposites (chitosan and alginate) with an analgesic medication (lidocaine hydrochloride). The pharmaceutical availability of lidocaine hydrochloride from the hydrogel preparations was evaluated for transdermal systems in accordance with the Polish Pharmacopoeia, XI Edition. The rheological tests showed that these preparations had the characteristics of non-Newtonian, pseudoplastic liquids, for which the viscosity decreases as the shear rate increases. The developed hydrogel preparations showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against both <em>Escherichia coli<\/em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em>. The release of lidocaine hydrochloride from the tested hydrogel was a complex process that followed first-order kinetics. The rate of release could be influenced by appropriate selection of the composition of the biocomposite.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>natural polymers, polymer biocomposite hydrogels, pressure sores, rheological and biological properties, transdermal systems<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-29-024\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxix\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\">Artyku\u0142 oryginalny | Strony 306\u2013314<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Effect of chitosan with different molecular weight on the growth and bulb yield of Oriental lily \u2018Mona Lisa\u2019<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Agnieszka Zawadzi\u0144ska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0882-9919\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Agnieszka Zawadzi\u0144ska \u2014 0000-0002-0882-9919\" aria-label=\"ORCID Agnieszka Zawadzi\u0144ska \u2014 0000-0002-0882-9919\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Piotr Salachna <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0403-8519\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Piotr Salachna \u2014 0000-0003-0403-8519\" aria-label=\"ORCID Piotr Salachna \u2014 0000-0003-0403-8519\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.29.024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.29.024<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/EFFECT_OF_CHITOSAN_WITH_DIFFERENT_MOLECULAR_WEIGHT_ON_THE_GROWTH_AND_BULB_YIELD_OF_ORIENTAL_LILY_\u2018MONA_LISA_PCACD_XXIX_2024.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The potential of biodegradable and environmentally friendly substances that exhibit biostimulatory effects on plant growth and yield is now being exploited in horticultural production. This study evaluated the effect of chitosan on the growth, flowering, and yield of bulb of oriental lily \u2018Mona Lisa\u2019. Three types of chitosan differing in molecular weight (MW) were used: commercial chitosan (CCh, MW = 50,000\u2013190,000 g\/mol) and two forms of depolymerised chitosan (DCh 48, with a MW of ~48,000 g\/mol, and DCh 154, with a MW of ~154,500 g\/mol). The plants were watered twice with an aqueous solution of chitosan at a concentration of 2 g\/l, with 100 ml of solution per pot. The control was plants watered with distilled water. Chitosan had a biostimulatory effect on the growth of lily plants. CCh increased the relative chlorophyll content of leaves (+11.3%), the fresh bulb weight (+11.0%), the bulb diameter (+12.3%) and the number of bulblets (+44.9%) compared with the control plants. DCh 154 significantly increased the fresh aboveground weight of plants (+31.3%), the fresh weight of leaves (+29.0%) and their number (+16.8%), the fresh weight of bulb (+12.3%) and their diameter (+11.0%), and the fresh weight of bulblet (+21.9%). DCh 48 increased the bulb diameter (+12.1%) and the number of bulblets (+45.4%), but decreased the length (-8.6%) and width of tepals (-6.8%) of the lily flowers. Finally, DCh 154 was the most effective in lily production. Using depolymerised chitosan as a biostimulant may contribute to developing new methods to produce high-quality lily plants.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>oligochitosan, biostimulant, plant propagation, sustainable agriculture<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<\/div><p class=\"pcacd-brak\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden>Brak publikacji spe\u0142niaj\u0105cych kryteria wyszukiwania.<\/p><script>(function () {\r\n 'use strict';\r\n var root=document.getElementById('pcacd-artykuly-2024');\r\n if(!root||root.dataset.pcacdReady)return; root.dataset.pcacdReady='1';\r\n var input=root.querySelector('.pcacd-szukaj'), clear=root.querySelector('.pcacd-wyczysc'), empty=root.querySelector('.pcacd-brak');\r\n var cards=Array.prototype.slice.call(root.querySelectorAll('.pcacd-karta'));\r\n var en=\/^en\\b\/i.test(document.documentElement.lang)||\/^\\\/en(?:\\\/|$)\/.test(location.pathname);\r\n if(en){\r\n  input.placeholder='Title, author, keywords or abstract\u2026'; input.setAttribute('aria-label','Search titles, author names, keywords and abstracts');\r\n  clear.title='Clear search'; clear.setAttribute('aria-label','Clear search'); empty.textContent='No articles match your search criteria.';\r\n  root.querySelector('.pcacd-tytul-listy').textContent='Search articles';\r\n  cards.forEach(function(c){\r\n   var k=c.querySelector('.pcacd-rodzaj'); k.textContent=k.textContent.replace('Artyku\u0142 przegl\u0105dowy','Review article').replace('Artyku\u0142 oryginalny','Research article').replace('Strony','Pages');\r\n   var nd=c.querySelector('.pcacd-doi-brak');if(nd)nd.textContent='DOI: Not available';\r\n   c.querySelector('summary').textContent='Show abstract';c.querySelector('.pcacd-slowa strong').textContent='Keywords:';\r\n   var p=c.querySelector('.pcacd-linki a:last-child');if(p)p.textContent='Full text PDF \u2197';\r\n   var top=c.querySelector('.pcacd-gora');top.title='Back to top of volume';top.setAttribute('aria-label','Back to top of volume');\r\n  });\r\n }\r\n function normalise(s){return(s||'').normalize('NFKD').replace(\/[\\u0300-\\u036f]\/g,'').toLowerCase().replace(\/\u0142\/g,'l').replace(\/\u00b5\/g,'\u03bc').replace(\/[\u2212\u2013\u2014\u207b]\/g,'-').replace(\/\u207a\/g,'+').replace(\/\\s*([+\u2212-])\\s*\/g,'$1').replace(\/\\s+\/g,' ').trim();}\r\n var index=cards.map(function(c){return normalise(Array.prototype.map.call(c.querySelectorAll('h3,.pcacd-autorzy,.pcacd-abstrakt,.pcacd-slowa,.pcacd-doi'),function(e){return e.textContent;}).join(' '));});\r\n function update(){var q=normalise(input.value),count=0;cards.forEach(function(c,i){var show=!q||index[i].indexOf(q)!==-1;c.hidden=!show;if(show)count++;});empty.hidden=count!==0;clear.hidden=input.value.length===0;}\r\n input.addEventListener('input',update);input.addEventListener('search',update);\r\n clear.addEventListener('click',function(){input.value='';update();input.focus();});\r\n input.addEventListener('keydown',function(e){if(e.key==='Escape'){input.value='';update();}});\r\n update();\r\n})();<\/script>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9e078e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b9e078e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Finansowanie: tre\u015b\u0107 i oryginalne logotypy z za\u0142\u0105czonej kopii strony 2024. Bie\u017c\u0105c\u0105 dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 URL sprawd\u017a wed\u0142ug raportu. -->\n<section id=\"pcacd-finansowanie-2024\" aria-label=\"Finansowanie wydania tomu\">\n<style>\n#pcacd-finansowanie-2024,#pcacd-finansowanie-2024 * {box-sizing:border-box;}\n#pcacd-finansowanie-2024 {font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#405269;border-top:1px solid #b9c3ce;border-radius:0px;padding:22px;margin:20px 0 0;font-size:13px;line-height:1.8;}\n#pcacd-finansowanie-2024 .pcacd-logotypy {display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:24px;background:transparent;padding:0;border-radius:0;margin-bottom:18px;}\n#pcacd-finansowanie-2024 img {display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto;object-fit:contain;mix-blend-mode:multiply;}\n#pcacd-finansowanie-2024 p {margin:0;}\n#pcacd-finansowanie-2024 a {color:#24486d;text-decoration:underline;}\n@media(max-width:600px){#pcacd-finansowanie-2024{padding:16px;}#pcacd-finansowanie-2024 .pcacd-logotypy{gap:16px;}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"pcacd-logotypy\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\"\n    src=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/znaki_strona_www-300x100.png\"\n    alt=\"Barwy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i wizerunek god\u0142a Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej\"\n    width=\"300\"\n    height=\"100\"\n    style=\"\n      background-color: #dedede;\n      background-image: linear-gradient(\n        to bottom,\n        #ffffff 0%,\n        #ffffff 34%,\n        transparent 34%,\n        transparent 100%\n      );\n      background-size: 47% 100%;\n      background-position: left top;\n      background-repeat: no-repeat;\n      mix-blend-mode: normal;\n    \"\n  >\n\n  <img decoding=\"async\"\n    src=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Logo-od-2022.png\"\n    alt=\"Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki, Open Access i CC BY\"\n    width=\"462\"\n    height=\"50\"\n  >\n<\/div>\n<p>Opracowanie, wydanie i upowszechnienie XXVII (2022), XXVIII (2023) oraz\u00a0<span>XXIX (2024)<\/span><span> tomu czasopisma \u201cProgress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives\u201d (PCACD) <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/2022\/11\/30\/dotacje\/\"> jest finansowane ze \u015brodk\u00f3w bud\u017cetu pa\u0144stwa z programu \u201eRozw\u00f3j czasopism naukowych\u201d<\/a> Ministra Edukacji i Nauki w ramach umowy RCN\/SN\/0122\/2021\/1.<br>Dofinansowanie: 50 000 z\u0142<br>Ca\u0142kowita warto\u015b\u0107: 50 000 z\u0142<\/p>\n\n<\/section>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O czasopi\u015bmie Informacje dla autor\u00f3w Wytyczne etyki publikacyjnej Procedura redakcyjna i wydawnicza Rada programowa Dotacje XXXI (2026) XXX (2025) XXIX (2024) XXVIII (2023) XXVII (2022) XXVI (2021) XXV (2020) XXIV (2019) XXIII (2018) XXII (2017) XXI (2016) XX (2015) XIX (2014) XVIII (2013) XVII (2012) XVI (2011) XV (2010) XII (2007) XI (2006) X (2004) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_templately_pack_id":"","_templately_imported_at":"","_templately_source":"","_templately_import_session_id":"","_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_exclude_from_search":0,"_thinkrank_exclude_from_archives":0,"_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-czasopismo-pcacd"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>XXIX (2024) - PTCHIT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2024\/09\/30\/xxix-2024\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Magdalena Gierszewska\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"30 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ptchit.lodz.pl\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/30\\\/xxix-2024\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ptchit.lodz.pl\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/30\\\/xxix-2024\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Magdalena Gierszewska\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ptchit.lodz.pl\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/776a03a7b1ac784075bcbb76536ca2cc\"},\"headline\":\"XXIX (2024)\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-09-30T17:11:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-22T10:46:05+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ptchit.lodz.pl\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/30\\\/xxix-2024\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":4686,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ptchit.lodz.pl\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ptchit.lodz.pl\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/30\\\/xxix-2024\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ptchit.lodz.pl\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/PCACD_2024_FRONT_COVER.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Czasopismo PCACD\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ptchit.lodz.pl\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/30\\\/xxix-2024\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ptchit.lodz.pl\\\/2024\\\/09\\\/30\\\/xxix-2024\\\/\",\"name\":\"XXIX (2024) - 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