{"id":3898,"date":"2023-09-30T19:27:42","date_gmt":"2023-09-30T17:27:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/?p=3898"},"modified":"2026-10-22T12:46:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T10:46:54","slug":"xxviii-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2023\/09\/30\/xxviii-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"XXVIII (2023)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3898\" class=\"elementor elementor-3898\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-645ddf32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"645ddf32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e466e7b\" data-id=\"e466e7b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2556dc eael_simple_menu_hamburger_disable_selected_menu_no eael-simple-menu-hamburger-align-right eael-simple-menu-link-full-width eael-hamburger--tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-simple-menu\" data-id=\"b2556dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-simple-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n                        @media screen and (max-width: 1024px) {\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                                .eael-simple-menu-vertical {\n                                    display: none;\n                                }\n                            }\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-container .eael-simple-menu-toggle {\n                                    display: block;\n                                }\n                            }\n                        }\n                    <\/style><style>\n                        @media screen and (min-width: 1025px) {\n                        \/* Left aligned horizontal menus lay out with `float: left` on the\n                           items, so their list stays `block` - forcing flex here would\n                           take the items out of flow and break the row. Only centre and\n                           right aligned horizontal menus are inline-flex. *\/\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading > ul.eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading > ul.eael-simple-menu-vertical {\n                            display: block;\n                        }\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading.eael-simple-menu-align-center {\n                            text-align: center;\n                        }\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading.eael-simple-menu-align-right {\n                            text-align: right;\n                        }\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading.eael-simple-menu-align-center > ul.eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading.eael-simple-menu-align-right > ul.eael-simple-menu-horizontal {\n                            display: -webkit-inline-box;\n                            display: -ms-inline-flexbox;\n                            display: inline-flex;\n                        }\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading .eael-simple-menu-toggle,\n                        .elementor-element-b2556dc .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading .eael-simple-menu-toggle-text {\n                            display: none;\n                        }\n                        }\n                    <\/style>            <div data-hamburger-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-bars&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-indicator-icon=\"&lt;i aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;fas fa-angle-down&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" data-dropdown-indicator-icon=\"&lt;i class=&quot;fas fa-angle-down&quot;&gt;&lt;\/i&gt;\" class=\"eael-simple-menu-container eael-simple-menu--loading eael-simple-menu-align-left eael-simple-menu-dropdown-align-left preset-2 eael-simple-menu-link-full-width\" data-hamburger-breakpoints=\"{&quot;mobile&quot;:&quot;Mobile Portrait (&gt; 767px)&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;:&quot;Tablet Portrait (&gt; 1024px)&quot;,&quot;desktop&quot;:&quot;Desktop (&gt; 2400px)&quot;,&quot;none&quot;:&quot;None&quot;}\" data-hamburger-device=\"tablet\">\n                <ul id=\"menu-czasopismo-pcacd\" class=\"eael-simple-menu eael-simple-menu-dropdown-animate-to-top eael-simple-menu-indicator eael-simple-menu-vertical\"><li id=\"menu-item-154\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-154\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/03\/11\/czasopismo-progress-on-chemistry-and-application-of-chitin-and-its-derivatives\/\">O czasopi\u015bmie<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-155\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-155\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/03\/11\/informacje-dla-autorow\/\">Informacje dla autor\u00f3w<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-157\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-157\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/03\/11\/wytyczne-etyki-publikacyjnej\/\">Wytyczne etyki publikacyjnej<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-5550\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5550\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2026\/10\/14\/procedura-redakcyjna-i-wydawnicza\/\">Procedura redakcyjna i wydawnicza<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-156\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-156\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/03\/11\/rada-programowa\/\">Rada programowa<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3370\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3370\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/11\/30\/dotacje\/\">Dotacje<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-5267\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-5267\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2026\/09\/29\/xxxi-2026\/\">XXXI (2026)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-4737\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4737\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2025\/09\/28\/xxx-2025\/\">XXX (2025)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-4503\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-4503\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2024\/09\/30\/xxix-2024\/\">XXIX (2024)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3995\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3995\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2023\/09\/30\/xxviii-2023\/\">XXVIII (2023)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3297\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3297\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2022\/10\/21\/xxvii-2022\/\">XXVII (2022)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3750\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3750\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2021\/01\/01\/xxvi-2021\/\">XXVI (2021)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3764\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3764\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2020\/01\/01\/xxv-2020\/\">XXV (2020)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3763\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3763\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2019\/01\/01\/xxiv-2019\/\">XXIV (2019)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3762\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3762\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2018\/01\/01\/xxiii-2018\/\">XXIII (2018)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3761\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3761\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2017\/01\/01\/xxii-2017\/\">XXII (2017)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3760\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3760\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2016\/01\/01\/xxi-2016\/\">XXI (2016)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3759\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3759\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2015\/01\/01\/xx-2015\/\">XX (2015)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3754\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3754\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2014\/01\/01\/xix-2014\/\">XIX (2014)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3758\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3758\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2013\/01\/01\/xviii-2013\/\">XVIII (2013)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3757\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3757\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2012\/01\/14\/xvii-2012\/\">XVII (2012)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3756\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3756\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2011\/01\/01\/xvi-2011\/\">XVI (2011)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3755\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3755\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2010\/01\/01\/xv-2010\/\">XV (2010)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3753\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3753\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2007\/01\/01\/xii-2007\/\">XII (2007)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3752\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3752\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2006\/01\/14\/xi-2006\/\">XI (2006)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3751\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3751\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2004\/01\/01\/x-2004\/\">X (2004)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3765\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3765\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2003\/01\/01\/ix-2003\/\">IX (2003)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-3766\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-3766\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2002\/01\/10\/viii-2002\/\">VIII (2002)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-192\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-192\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/2001\/01\/01\/vii-2001\/\">VII (2001)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-193\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-193\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/1998\/01\/01\/iv-1998\/\">IV (1998)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-194\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-194\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/1997\/01\/01\/iii-1997\/\">III (1997)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-195\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-195\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/1996\/01\/01\/ii-1996\/\">II (1996)<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-196\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-196\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/en\/1995\/01\/01\/i-1995\/\">I (1995)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>                <button class=\"eael-simple-menu-toggle\">\n                    <span class=\"sr-only \">Hamburger Toggle Menu<\/span>\n                    <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-bars\"><\/i>                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5379d2c6\" data-id=\"5379d2c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dd3a5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"7dd3a5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- PCACD XXVIII (2023): osobny wid\u017cet HTML. Nowy JPG: podmie\u0144 placeholder. Adresy historycznych plik\u00f3w zachowano ze \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142; dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 WWW opisana w raporcie. -->\n<section id=\"pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" aria-label=\"Informacje o tomie XXVIII czasopisma PCACD\">\n<style>\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii,\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii * { box-sizing: border-box; }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii {\n      background: transparent;\n      color: #25364b;\n      font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n      margin: 0;\n      padding: 14px 4px 8px;\n      border-bottom: 1px solid #b9c3ce;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-uklad {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      align-items: flex-start;\n      gap: 26px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-okladka-link {\n      display: block;\n      flex: 0 0 180px;\n      max-width: 100%;\n      line-height: 0;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-okladka {\n      display: block;\n      width: 100%;\n      height: auto;\n      border: 1px solid #9fabba;\n      border-radius: 3px;\n      box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(25, 43, 65, .12);\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-informacje {\n      flex: 1 1 310px;\n      min-width: 0;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-rok {\n      color: #5c6f83;\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      letter-spacing: 1px;\n      margin: 0 0 8px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-tom {\n      color: #233b59;\n      font-size: 25px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      line-height: 1.3;\n      margin: 0 0 12px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-tytul {\n      color: #263e59;\n      font-size: 17px;\n      font-weight: 600;\n      line-height: 1.5;\n      margin: 0 0 15px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-dane {\n      color: #405269;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      line-height: 1.8;\n      margin: 0 0 14px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-licencja {\n      color: #2a4768;\n      font-size: 12px;\n      font-weight: 700;\n      margin: 0 0 18px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-przyciski {\n      display: flex;\n      flex-wrap: wrap;\n      gap: 9px;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-przyciski a {\n      background: transparent;\n      border: 1px solid #98aabe;\n      border-radius: 4px;\n      color: #24486d;\n      display: inline-block;\n      font-size: 13px;\n      line-height: 1.5;\n      padding: 9px 12px;\n      text-decoration: none;\n    }\n\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-przyciski a:hover,\n    #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-przyciski a:focus-visible {\n      border-color: #526d8b;\n      color: #16334f;\n      text-decoration: underline;\n    }\n\n    @media (max-width: 640px) {\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii { padding: 10px 2px 8px; }\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-uklad { gap: 20px; }\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-okladka-link { flex-basis: 150px; }\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-informacje { flex-basis: 100%; }\n      #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-tom { font-size: 22px; }\n    }\n  \n#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii {scroll-margin-top:20px;}\n\n#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-tom-wiersz {display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;margin:0 0 12px;}\n#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-tom-wiersz .pcacd-tom {margin:0;}\n#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-nawigacja {display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px;}\n#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-nawigacja a {display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none;color:#24486d;border:1px solid #a9b8c8;border-radius:4px;background:transparent;padding:6px 10px;font:500 12px\/1.4 Arial,sans-serif;}\n#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-nawigacja a:hover, #pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-nawigacja a:focus-visible {border-color:#526d8b;text-decoration:underline;outline-offset:2px;}\n@media(max-width:640px) {#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii .pcacd-nawigacja {flex-basis:100%;}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"pcacd-uklad\">\n<a class=\"pcacd-okladka-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/PCACD_XXVIII_2023_cover.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"Otw\u00f3rz ok\u0142adk\u0119 do druku (PDF)\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"pcacd-okladka\" src=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/PCACD_2023_FRONT_COVER.jpg\" alt=\"Przednia ok\u0142adka PCACD, tom XXVIII (2023)\" width=\"180\" height=\"256\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"pcacd-informacje\"><p class=\"pcacd-rok\" data-no-translation>PCACD \u00b7 2023<\/p>\n<div class=\"pcacd-tom-wiersz\"><h2 class=\"pcacd-tom\">Tom XXVIII (28)<\/h2>\n<nav class=\"pcacd-nawigacja\" aria-label=\"Nawigacja mi\u0119dzy tomami\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/2022\/10\/21\/xxvii-2022\/\" data-pcacd-volume-link>\u2190 Poprzedni tom<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/2024\/09\/30\/xxix-2024\/\" data-pcacd-volume-link>Nast\u0119pny tom \u2192<\/a><\/nav><\/div>\n<p class=\"pcacd-tytul\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives (PCACD)<\/p>\n<p class=\"pcacd-dane\"><strong>Wydawca:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Polish Chitin Society<\/span><br><strong>ISSN (druk):<\/strong> <span data-no-translation>1896-5644<\/span><br><strong>Zawarto\u015b\u0107:<\/strong> 17 artyku\u0142\u00f3w naukowych + 2 materia\u0142y redakcyjne<\/p>\n<p class=\"pcacd-licencja\"><span data-no-translation>Open Access \u00b7 CC BY 4.0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"pcacd-przyciski\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/PCACD_XXVIII_2023_cover.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Ok\u0142adka do druku (PDF) \u2197<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/PCACD_XXVIII_2023_table-of-contents.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href >Strony tytu\u0142owe i spis tre\u015bci (PDF) \u2197<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<script>(function(){var r=document.getElementById('pcacd-naglowek-xxviii');if(!r)return;var en=\/^en\\b\/i.test(document.documentElement.lang)||\/^\\\/en(?:\\\/|$)\/.test(location.pathname);var nav=r.querySelector('.pcacd-nawigacja');if(en&&nav){nav.setAttribute('aria-label','Volume navigation');r.querySelector('.pcacd-tom').textContent='Volume XXVIII (28)';Array.prototype.forEach.call(nav.querySelectorAll('a'),function(a,i){var u=new URL(a.href,location.href);if(u.hostname==='ptchit.lodz.pl'&&!\/^\\\/en\\\/\/.test(u.pathname))u.pathname='\/en'+u.pathname;a.href=u.href;a.textContent=a.textContent.indexOf('\u2190')>=0?'\u2190 Previous volume':'Next volume \u2192';});}})();<\/script><\/section>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f63c334 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f63c334\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- PCACD XXVIII (2023): wszystkie publikacje w jednym wid\u017cecie HTML. -->\r\n<div id=\"pcacd-artykuly-2023\">\r\n<style>\r\n\/* Tylko lista PCACD 2023 \u2013 bez zmian w szablonie PTChit *\/\r\n#pcacd-artykuly-2023 {font-family:Arial,sans-serif; 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Wszystkie publikacje s\u0105 widoczne; abstrakty mo\u017cna rozwija\u0107.<\/p><\/noscript><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-lista\">\r\n<details class=\"pcacd-corrigendum\" id=\"pcacd-28-redakcja-1\" data-pcacd-editorial>\r\n<summary lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Acknowledgments to the outgoing Editor-in-Chief of PCACD Journal Ma\u0142gorzata Jaworska<\/summary>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-corrigendum-tresc\">\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/PCACD_XXVIII_2023_Acknowledgments-to-the-Outgoing-Editor-in-Chief-of-PCACD-Journal-M.Jaworska.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><p>The Board of the Polish Chitin Society and the community of scientists involved in research on chitin and chitosan would like to thank Professor Ma\u0142gorzata Jaworska for her enormous contribution to the development of the journal Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives (PCACD).<\/p><p>This year, Prof. Ma\u0142gorzata Jaworska completed the function of the Editor-in-Chief of the PCDAC journal, which she had held since 2005, combining it with the position of the President of the Polish Chitin Society for four consecutive terms. Every year, she invited us to publish articles on chitin, chitosan, and its derivatives, which were often the basis for the development of research in the fields of medicine, biotechnology, physico-chemistry of biopolymers, agriculture, environmental protection, and many others. For eighteen years, she consistently strived to promote the journal in the international arena. Her commitment and tremendous amount of work on the journal made it gain recognition among scientists from Poland and around the world. Thanks to the contribution of Prof. Ma\u0142gorzata Jaworska, PCACD Journal is currently indexed in Web of Science (Emerging Sources Citation Index WoS), Scopus, CAS, EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Pol-index, and PSJD. This year, the journal received the first Impact Factor index, and on the list of scientific journals and reviewed materials from international conferences of the Polish Ministry of Education and Science, it received 140 points, which is a huge success of Prof. Ma\u0142gorzata Jaworska. Currently, she supports the activities of Magdalena Gierszewska, the newly appointed Editor-in-Chief of the journal.<\/p><p>Ma\u0142gorzata, we are grateful for promoting our research related to chitin, chitosan, and its derivatives. We thank you once again for the tremendous work, dedication, favor, and always friendly atmosphere that made the annual publication of our articles in the PCDAC journal a pleasure for us.<\/p><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/details>\r\n<details class=\"pcacd-corrigendum\" id=\"pcacd-28-redakcja-2\" data-pcacd-editorial>\r\n<summary lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>A short note: 80th anniversary of the Sayyora Sharafovna Rashidova<\/summary>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-corrigendum-tresc\">\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/PCACD_XXVIII_2023_A-short-note-80th-anniversary-of-the-S.S.Rashidova.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><p>August 02 marks the 80th anniversary of the outstanding Uzbek scientist, Honored Scientist of the Republic of Uzbekistan, founder of the Society of Chitinologists of Uzbekistan, Academician Sayyora Sharafovna Rashidova. The merits of Rashidova S.Sh. are invaluable and mainly encompass the creation and development of chitinology in the Republic of Uzbekistan as well as the creation of biologically active and environmentally friendly polymeric preparations with the agro-industrial branch of economy in mind.<\/p><p>Under the leadership of Rashidova S.Sh. a technology was developed and implemented, for the first time, that enabled complex processing of silkworm pupae \u2013 a waste product of the silk-winding industry \u2013 and subsequent production of chitin, chitosan, chrysalis oil, organomineral fertilizers, and protein concentrates on the basis of these previously disposable biological materials. Rashidova S.Sh. is the author and co-author of more than 500 scientific articles published in international journals with a high impact factor, who also contributed to more than 50 inventions and patents. She oversaw 6 doctoral, 21 candidates, 4 PhD \u2013 doctoral dissertations. Academician Rashidova S.Sh. is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences and chairman of the Problem Council on macromolecular compounds at the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. At the initiative of Rashidova S.Sh., who is a member of the editorial board of a number of scientific journals, as well as the founder and editor-in-chief of the scientific electronic publication &quot;Uzbek Polymer Journal,&quot; an Institute of Chemistry and Physics of Polymers has been established.<\/p><p>Academician Rashidova S.Sh. conducts a lot of scientific, organizational, and social work, which over the years included the directorship of the Institute of Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, chairing the Committee of Women Scientists &quot;Olima&quot; of the Republic of Uzbekistan, chairing the Uzbekistan-Poland Friendship Society, being appointed as the deputy of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan (1994\u20112000), as well as an appointment as the Ombudsman of the Republic of Uzbekistan (1995\u20112015).<\/p><p>On behalf of the scientific community of the Republic, we sincerely congratulate Academician Sayyora Rashidova on the glorious 80th anniversary of the world-renowned scientist, organizer with high potential, who made a great contribution to the development of chitinology, and wish her good health.<\/p><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/details>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-001\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"review\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 przegl\u0105dowy<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 7\u201313<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The outlook for chitosan in textiles: a review of the literature since the start of the 2020\u2019s<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Samuel M. Hudson <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3510-0320\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Samuel M. Hudson \u2014 0009-0009-3510-0320\" aria-label=\"ORCID Samuel M. Hudson \u2014 0009-0009-3510-0320\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.001<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/THE_OUTLOOK_FOR_CHITOSAN_IN_TEXTILES_A_REVIEW_OF_THE_LITERATURE_SINCE_THE_START_OF_THE_2020S_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-002\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 14\u201325<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Reusability of chitosan and sawdust-modified chitosan for adsorption\/desorption of anionic and cationic dyes<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Urszula Filipkowska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0140-6558\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Urszula Filipkowska \u2014 0000-0003-0140-6558\" aria-label=\"ORCID Urszula Filipkowska \u2014 0000-0003-0140-6558\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Tomasz J\u00f3\u017awiak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-9827\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Tomasz J\u00f3\u017awiak \u2014 0000-0003-3360-9827\" aria-label=\"ORCID Tomasz J\u00f3\u017awiak \u2014 0000-0003-3360-9827\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.002<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/REUSABILITY_OF_CHITOSAN_AND_SAWDUST-MODIFIED_CHITOSAN_FOR_ADSORPTION_DESORPTION_OF_ANIONIC_AND_CATIONIC_DYES_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>We explored the multiple uses of chitosan in the form of beads and beech sawdust immobilised in chitosan to remove anionic (Reactive Yellow 85 and Reactive Blue 5) and cationic (Basic Violet 10 and Basic Green 4) dyes. For both anionic dyes, with the next adsorption\/desorption cycle, the amount of dye accumulated in the adsorbent increased, which resulted in a decrease in the desorption efficiency. The number of possible adsorption\/desorption cycles was regulated by the occupation of all active sites. We observed the opposite trend for the cationic dyes: the charge accumulated in the adsorbent after both adsorption and desorption decreased with subsequent cycles. Despite the low accumulated charge compared with the total adsorption capacity of the adsorbents, it was impossible to further adsorb and desorb the dye. The results demonstrated that for both adsorbents tested, it was possible to carry out 6\u20137 adsorption\/desorption cycles, but the desorption efficiency decreased with each cycle.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, sawdust modified in chitosan, cyclical adsorption\/desorption<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-003\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 26\u201333<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The effect of chitosan on the physicochemical properties of dermatological preparations containing <em>Humulus lupulus<\/em> L. extract based on Celugel<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Bo\u017cena Grimling <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8574-9293\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Bo\u017cena Grimling \u2014 0000-0002-8574-9293\" aria-label=\"ORCID Bo\u017cena Grimling \u2014 0000-0002-8574-9293\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.003<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/THE_EFFECT_OF_CHITOSAN_ON_THE_PHYSICOCHEMICAL_PROPERTIES_OF_DERMATOLOGICAL_PREPARATIONS_CONTAINING_HUMULUS_LUPULUS_L._EXTRACT_BASED_ON_CELUGEL_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>This study evaluated hydrogels containing Celugel, 3% hop cone extract obtained from <em>Humulus lupulus<\/em> L. using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction substrate, and 1% and 2% chitosan for dermatological application to treat inflammatory skin conditions. The presence of chitosan significantly affected the rheological properties of the formulations, including their dynamic viscosity, hardness, consistency, cohesiveness, and blurring time. The formulations containing 2% chitosan showed the best application possibilities. The formulations were evaluated for dissolution of cohumulone, which is an analogue of humulone contained in hop cone extract. The concentration of chitosan in the formulations had a significant effect on the dissolution testing parameters of the active ingredient: as the chitosan concentration increased, the desired effect of prolonged release time of the active ingredient was achieved while maintaining the membrane-forming properties of Celugel.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, Celugel, hop extract, <em>Humulus lupulus<\/em>, Supercritical CO<sub>2<\/sub> extraction, carrier<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-004\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 34\u201345<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Study of the quantitative and qualitative changes in chitin at different stages of ripening of mushroom fruiting bodies<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ivan Korabel <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3204-7538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ivan Korabel \u2014 0000-0002-3204-7538\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ivan Korabel \u2014 0000-0002-3204-7538\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Semen Khomyak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1931-1688\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Semen Khomyak \u2014 0000-0003-1931-1688\" aria-label=\"ORCID Semen Khomyak \u2014 0000-0003-1931-1688\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Lidiia Panchak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9621-3304\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Lidiia Panchak \u2014 0000-0002-9621-3304\" aria-label=\"ORCID Lidiia Panchak \u2014 0000-0002-9621-3304\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Volodymyr Antonyuk <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3643-4957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Volodymyr Antonyuk \u2014 0000-0002-3643-4957\" aria-label=\"ORCID Volodymyr Antonyuk \u2014 0000-0002-3643-4957\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.004<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/STUDY_OF_THE_QUANTITATIVE_AND_QUALITATIVE_CHANGES_IN_CHITIN_AT_DIFFERENT_STAGES_OF_RIPENING_OF_MUSHROOM_FRUITING_BODIES_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>We investigated the extraction of chitin with various solvents and changes in the amount of chitin and its molecular mass at different stages of maturity in the fruiting bodies of the fungi <em>Laetiporus sulphureus<\/em>, <em>Tyromyces chioneus<\/em>, <em>Oudemansiella mucida<\/em>, <em>Lycoperdon perlatum<\/em>, and <em>Fomitopsis betulina<\/em>. We extracted chitin from crushed mushroom fruiting bodies with 25% hydrochloric acid at 0\u00b0C. We characterised the molecular weight of reprecipitated purified chitin with a viscosimeter and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The mass of extracted chitin in all studied mushrooms initially increased from youth to maturity, and then decreased after ripening. At the same time, the molecular weight of chitin tended to increase.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitin, changes in the amount and molecular mass, fungi, FT-IR spectra<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-005\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 46\u201355<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Chitosan and meta-topolin supplementation of the multiplication media of <em>Vitis vinifera<\/em> L.<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4333-9122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" aria-label=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ireneusz Ochmian <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3606-1927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.005<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/CHITOSAN_AND_META-TOPOLIN_SUPPLEMENTATION_OF_THE_MULTIPLICATION_MEDIA_OF_VITIS_VINIFERA_L._PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>We investigated the efficiency of chitosan (CH) and meta-topolin (mT) on in vitro growth and adaptation to greenhouse conditions of <em>Vitis vinifera<\/em> cv. Johanniter and cv. Hibernal. After the initiation stage, we transferred explants to Woody Plant Media (WPM) with chitosan (molecular weight 3.33 kDa) at a concentration of 10, 20, and 40 ppm or to WPM with mT at a concentration of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg l<sup>\u20131<\/sup>. WPM without CH or mT served as a control. Among the tested combinations, WPM with 10 ppm of CH led to the maximum mean root length (12.18 cm and 12.65 cm for the Hibernal and Johanniter cultivars, respectively) and the number of new leaves (5.9 and 8.15 for the Hibernal and Johanniter cultivars, respectively). As the CH concentration in the medium increased, the length of shoots and roots decreased. We found the highest percentage of acclimatised plants on WPM (cv. Hibernal) and WPM with 40 ppm of CH (cv. Johanniter). The addition of mT had a negative effect on the morphological traits we measured, regardless of the concentration. Leaves of explants from WPM with mT were yellower and redder compared with the control. None of the explants obtained on this medium produced roots.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>biologically active substance, in vitro, cytokine, winegrape<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-006\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 56\u201374<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The use of chitin in the moults and exoskeletons of mealworms (<em>Tenebrio molitor<\/em>) to remove cationic dyes from aqueous solutions<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Patrycja Kurowska<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Tomasz J\u00f3\u017awiak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-9827\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Tomasz J\u00f3\u017awiak \u2014 0000-0003-3360-9827\" aria-label=\"ORCID Tomasz J\u00f3\u017awiak \u2014 0000-0003-3360-9827\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Urszula Filipkowska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0140-6558\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Urszula Filipkowska \u2014 0000-0003-0140-6558\" aria-label=\"ORCID Urszula Filipkowska \u2014 0000-0003-0140-6558\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Tadeusz Baku\u0142a <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6838-2840\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Tadeusz Baku\u0142a \u2014 0000-0001-6838-2840\" aria-label=\"ORCID Tadeusz Baku\u0142a \u2014 0000-0001-6838-2840\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.006<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/THE_USE_OF_CHITIN_IN_THE_MOULTS_AND_EXOSKELETONS_OF_MEALWORMS_TENEBRIO_MOLITOR_TO_REMOVE_CATIONIC_DYES_FROM_AQUEOUS_SOLUTIONS_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>We analysed the feasibility of using unmodified chitin exoskeletons and moults of mealworms (<em>Tenebrio molitor<\/em>) as adsorbents to remove cationic dyes \u2013 Basic Violet 10 (BV10) and Basic Red 46 (BR46) \u2013 from aqueous solutions. We evaluated the characteristics of the adsorption materials using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and determining the pH of the point of zero charge (pH<sub>PZC<\/sub>); the pH effect on dye adsorption effectiveness; dye adsorption kinetics (pseudo\u2013first order, pseudo\u2013second order, and intramolecular diffusion models); and the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbents (Langmuir 1 and 2 and Freundlich isotherms). BV10 adsorption on the tested adsorbents was the highest at pH 3, while adsorption of BR46 was highest at pH 6. The adsorption equilibrium time depended mainly on the dye type and its initial concentration; it was 150\u2013210 min for BV10 and 120\u2013150 min for BR46. The maximum adsorption capacity of mealworm exoskeletons reached 5.56 mg\/g for BV10 and 31.53 mg\/g for BR46, whereas mealworm moults exhibited a higher maximum adsorption capacity, reaching 6.44 mg\/g for BV10 and 5.56 mg\/g for BR46.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitin moults, exoskeletons, mealworm, adsorption, cationic dyes<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-007\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 75\u201388<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The effect of a composite chitosan-silver(I) ion coating on the corrosion resistance of the cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy in saline solution<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Bo\u017cena \u0141osiewicz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9472-1893\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Bo\u017cena \u0141osiewicz \u2014 0000-0001-9472-1893\" aria-label=\"ORCID Bo\u017cena \u0141osiewicz \u2014 0000-0001-9472-1893\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Patrycja Osak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0628-6367\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Patrycja Osak \u2014 0000-0002-0628-6367\" aria-label=\"ORCID Patrycja Osak \u2014 0000-0002-0628-6367\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Julian Kubisztal <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4855-9538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Julian Kubisztal \u2014 0000-0002-4855-9538\" aria-label=\"ORCID Julian Kubisztal \u2014 0000-0002-4855-9538\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.007\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.007<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/THE_EFFECT_OF_A_COMPOSITE_CHITOSAN-SILVERI_ION_COATING_ON_THE_CORROSION_RESISTANCE_OF_THE_COBALT-CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM_ALLOY_IN_SALINE_SOLUTION_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>We determined the in vitro corrosion resistance of the composite chitosan-silver(I) [Ag(I)] ion coating on the cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) dental alloy in a 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at 37\u00b0C. We obtained the novel composite chitosan\u2013Ag(I) ion coating by electrophoretic deposition at 20 V for 30 s at room temperature in a 2% (v\/v) aqueous solution of acetic acid with 1 g dm<sup>\u20133<\/sup> chitosan and 10 g dm<sup>\u20133<\/sup> silver nitrate. We evaluated the chemical composition with energy dispersive spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. We investigated surface topography and electronic properties with a scanning Kelvin probe. We determined the mechanism and kinetics of the electrochemical corrosion of the obtained coatings by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Ag content in the composite chitosan\u2013Ag(I) ion coating was 1.9 \u00b1 1 wt.%. The cataphoretic co-deposition of chitosan and Ag(I) ions in an aqueous solution can be used to modify the CoCrMo alloy surface to obtain new coatings with antibacterial properties.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, CoCrMo alloy, composite, corrosion resistance, dentistry, silver<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-008\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 89\u2013102<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The effect of a composite chitosan\/copper(II) ion coating on the corrosion resistance of grade 4 titanium in saline: preliminary results<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Bo\u017cena \u0141osiewicz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9472-1893\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Bo\u017cena \u0141osiewicz \u2014 0000-0001-9472-1893\" aria-label=\"ORCID Bo\u017cena \u0141osiewicz \u2014 0000-0001-9472-1893\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Patrycja Osak <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0628-6367\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Patrycja Osak \u2014 0000-0002-0628-6367\" aria-label=\"ORCID Patrycja Osak \u2014 0000-0002-0628-6367\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Julian Kubisztal <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4855-9538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Julian Kubisztal \u2014 0000-0002-4855-9538\" aria-label=\"ORCID Julian Kubisztal \u2014 0000-0002-4855-9538\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.008\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.008<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/THE_EFFECT_OF_A_COMPOSITE_CHITOSAN_COPPERII_ION_COATING_ON_THE_CORROSION_RESISTANCE_OF_GRADE_4_TITANIUM_IN_SALINE_PRELIMINARY_RESULTS_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>In the present work, we successfully used electrophoretic deposition to produce a new composite chitosan-copper(II) [Cu(II]) ion coating on grade 4 titanium (Ti). We prepared the coating with an environmentally friendly in situ chemical reduction process from a 2% (v\/v) aqueous acetic acid solution with 1 g dm<sup>\u20133<\/sup> chitosan and 10 g dm<sup>\u20133<\/sup> copper acetate at 20 V for 300 s at room temperature. We evaluated the relationship between physicochemical properties and corrosion resistance of the coatings with energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, a scanning Kelvin probe, and electrochemical methods. The composite coating contained 2.1 \u00b1 0.1 wt.% of Cu, which ensures antibacterial activity. We determined the mechanism and kinetics of the electrochemical corrosion of the composite chitosan\u2013Cu(II) ion coating on grade 4 Ti in saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride) at 37\u00b0C. The surface modification makes grade 4 Ti a more attractive material for use in dentistry.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, composite, copper, corrosion, electrophoretic deposition, titanium<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-009\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 103\u2013110<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Chitosan gels to prevent reflux disease<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0127-835X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska \u2014 0000-0002-0127-835X\" aria-label=\"ORCID Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska \u2014 0000-0002-0127-835X\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.009<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/CHITOSAN_GELS_TO_PREVENT_REFLUX_DISEASE_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Reflux disease is one of the most frequently diagnosed conditions in developed countries. The problem is both the acidic content of the stomach and the alkaline content of the intestines. In each case, the oesophageal mucosa is destroyed. I analysed hydrogels that prevent irritation of the oesophageal mucosa. Specifically, I investigated the effect of chitosan and sodium alginate on the properties of gels protecting the oesophagus. Gels containing chitosan and 1.0% sodium alginate can be used to treat advanced alkaline reflux. The addition of chitosan to all the tested gels increased their pH and dynamic viscosity, making it possible to neutralise acid reflux. Texture studies showed the influence of chitosan and sodium alginate on the adhesiveness of the tested gels.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>alkaline gastro-oesophageal reflux, physiological gastro-oesophageal environment, hydrophilic gels, oesophageal mucosa, anti-inflammatory drugs, oesophageal infections.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-010\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 111\u2013118<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Increasing the effectiveness of chitosan gels to protect the oesophageal mucosa<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0127-835X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska \u2014 0000-0002-0127-835X\" aria-label=\"ORCID Katarzyna Ma\u0142olepsza-Jarmo\u0142owska \u2014 0000-0002-0127-835X\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.010<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/INCREASING_THE_EFFECTIVENESS_OF_CHITOSAN_GELS_TO_PROTECT_THE_OESOPHAGEAL_MUCOSA_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The troublesome symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease are a serious health, medical, and social problem for patients. The main problem is gastro-oesophageal acid reflux. In this study, I investigated hydrogels that could prevent the destruction of the oesophageal mucosa. I investigated the effect of chitosan and poloxamer 407 on the protective properties of gels. The addition of chitosan to all the tested gels increased their pH and dynamic viscosity. Preparations containing 25% poloxamer 407 showed the highest pH. Texture tests showed the effect of the poloxamer concentration on the adhesion performance of the tested gels. The findings suggest that the gels can be used to treat advanced acid reflux.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>acid gastro-oesophageal reflux, physiological gastro-oesophageal environment, hydrophilic gels, oesophageal mucosa, anti-inflammatory drugs, oesophageal infections<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-011\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 119\u2013127<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The effects of applying chitosan of different molecular weights on the growth and quality of Kamchatka berries (<em>Lonicera caerulea<\/em> L.): part 1<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ireneusz Ochmian <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3606-1927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4333-9122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" aria-label=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.011<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/THE_EFFECTS_OF_APPLYING_CHITOSAN_OF_DIFFERENT_MOLECULAR_WEIGHTS_ON_THE_GROWTH_AND_QUALITY_OF_KAMCHATKA_BERRIES_LONICERA_CAERULEA_L._PART_1_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Kamchatka berries contain many valuable organic and mineral compounds. However, the ripe berries are not very firm and have low transport resistance. We aimed to study the effect of chitosan solutions of different molecular weights on the growth, yield, and quality of Kamchatka berries. Chitosan with lower molecular weights, 3 and 12 kDa, stimulated plant growth, while those with molecular weights above 50 kDa reduced plant growth compared with control shrubs. Chitosan 125 and 500 kDa increased Kamchatka berry yield. In addition, chitosan 125 kDa increased fruit weight throughout the yield period. Fruit sprayed with chitosan 3, 5, and 50 kDa were dark in colour at harvest. Chitosan 3, 5, 12, and 50 kDa increased fruit\/skin resistance to mechanical damage. Finally, chitosan 3, 5, 50, and 950 kDa increased average fruit firmness. Overall, we recommend higher molecular weight chitosan to increase yield and lower molecular weight chitosan to increase firmness and resistance to damage.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>shrub growth, yield, fruit firmness, fruit size<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-012\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 128\u2013135<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>The effects of applying chitosan of different molecular weights on the quality of Kamchatka berries (<em>Lonicera caerulea<\/em> L.): part 2<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ireneusz Ochmian <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3606-1927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ireneusz Ochmian \u2014 0000-0002-3606-1927\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4333-9122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" aria-label=\"ORCID Marcelina Krupa-Ma\u0142kiewicz \u2014 0000-0002-4333-9122\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.012<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/THE_EFFECTS_OF_APPLYING_CHITOSAN_OF_DIFFERENT_MOLECULAR_WEIGHTS_ON_THE_QUALITY_OF_KAMCHATKA_BERRIES_LONICERA_CAERULEA_L._PART_2_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>We evaluated the effects of chitosan of different molecular weights on the quality of Kamchatka berries after harvest and storage. Chitosan with lower molecular weights (from 3 to 21 kDa) positively influenced the soluble solid content after harvest. However, chitosan had no significant effect on titratable acidity after harvest. Regardless of the chitosan molecular weight, the berries contained from 7.4% to 30% more total polyphenols compared with the control (162 mg per 100 g) after harvest. After storage, the total phenolic content decreased slightly and depended on the storage conditions. The L-ascorbic acid content was the highest after harvest and storage after treatment with the highest molecular weight of chitosan (950k kDa). Chitosan 50 kDa positively influenced the firmness and puncture resistance of the berries after harvest (146% of control) and storage (135% of control).<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>blue honeysuckle, total polyphenol, firmness, fruits storage, puncture resistance<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-013\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 136\u2013150<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Molecular dynamics simulations of the affinity of chitin and chitosan for collagen: the effect of pH and the presence of sodium and calcium cations<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Maciej Przyby\u0142ek <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3399-6129\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Maciej Przyby\u0142ek \u2014 0000-0002-3399-6129\" aria-label=\"ORCID Maciej Przyby\u0142ek \u2014 0000-0002-3399-6129\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Piotr Be\u0142dowski <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7505-6063\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Piotr Be\u0142dowski \u2014 0000-0002-7505-6063\" aria-label=\"ORCID Piotr Be\u0142dowski \u2014 0000-0002-7505-6063\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.013<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MOLECULAR_DYNAMICS_SIMULATIONS_OF_THE_AFFINITY_OF_CHITIN_AND_CHITOSAN_FOR_COLLAGEN_THE_EFFECT_OF_pH_AND_THE_PRESENCE_OF_SODIUM_AND_CALCIUM_CATIONS_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Chitosan and chitin are promising biopolymers used in many areas including biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and viscosupplementation. Chitosan shares similar properties with hyaluronan, a natural component of synovial fluid, making it a good candidate for joint disease treatment. The structural and energetic consequences of intermolecular interactions are crucial for understanding the biolubrication phenomenon and other important biomedical features. However, the properties of biopolymers, including their complexation abilities, are influenced by the nature of the aqueous medium with which they interact. In this study, we employed molecular dynamics simulations to describe the effect of pH and the presence of sodium and calcium cations on the stability of molecular complexes formed by collagen type II with chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides. Based on Gibbs free energy of binding, all considered complexes are thermodynamically stable over the entire pH range. The affinity between chitosan oligosaccharide and collagen is highly influenced by pH, while oligomeric chitin shows no pH-dependent effect on the stability of molecular assemblies with collagen. On the other hand, the presence of sodium and calcium cations has a negligible effect on the affinity of chitin and chitosan for collagen.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, chitin, collagen, intermolecular interactions, molecular dynamics<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-014\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 151\u2013159<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Mitigation effects of water-soluble chitosan on boron toxicity in pepper plants<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Piotr Salachna <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0403-8519\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Piotr Salachna \u2014 0000-0003-0403-8519\" aria-label=\"ORCID Piotr Salachna \u2014 0000-0003-0403-8519\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.014<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MITIGATION_EFFECTS_OF_WATER-SOLUBLE_CHITOSAN_ON_BORON_TOXICITY_IN_PEPPER_PLANTS_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Excess boron in soil is often found in dry agricultural areas and is one of the factors limiting crop yields. Polysaccharide-based biostimulants can mitigate the harmful effects of environmental stresses on plants. I performed this study under controlled greenhouse conditions to understand the response of pepper plants under boron stress to treatment with water-soluble chitosan (WSC). I watered plants with 50 or 100 mg\/l WSC and 1.5 mM boric acid solution. As a result of WSC application at both concentrations, plants were taller and had more leaves and greater leaf length, width, relative chlorophyll content, and fresh aboveground weight compared with the control. Plants exposed to boron stress had fewer leaves, a lower relative chlorophyll content, and leaf blade damage indicative of boron toxicity. At the same time, boron-exposed plants showed a marked increase in the leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and boron contents. Applying WSC at both concentrations modulated boron stress in plants by improving plant growth; reducing boron accumulation in leaves; and increasing the available nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in the substrate.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>oligosaccharides, biostimulants, boron stress, nutrient uptake<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-015\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 160\u2013165<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Preparation and physicochemical characteristics of an iodine and bismuth containing composite material based on chitosan<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Anatoly Sklyar<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Oksana Kalinkevich <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9631-2951\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Oksana Kalinkevich \u2014 0000-0002-9631-2951\" aria-label=\"ORCID Oksana Kalinkevich \u2014 0000-0002-9631-2951\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Aleksei Kalinkevich <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4793-7568\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Aleksei Kalinkevich \u2014 0000-0002-4793-7568\" aria-label=\"ORCID Aleksei Kalinkevich \u2014 0000-0002-4793-7568\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Vadym Chivanov <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5845-2315\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Vadym Chivanov \u2014 0000-0001-5845-2315\" aria-label=\"ORCID Vadym Chivanov \u2014 0000-0001-5845-2315\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.015<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/PREPARATION_AND_PHYSICOCHEMICAL_CHARACTERISTICS_OF_AN_IODINE_AND_BISMUTH_CONTAINING_COMPOSITE_MATERIAL_BASED_ON_CHITOSAN_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>We created composite materials by using a straightforward method, combining chitosan, iodine, and bismuth. We used two chitosan with two different molecular masses. We used iodine in the composites as chitosan iodide and bismuth in the form of tetraiodobismuthanuide. We analysed the resulting materials with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry, and visible light spectroscopy. We observed that bismuth and iodine were evenly distributed throughout the composites and did not separate into distinct phases. These composite materials have the ability to form organised porous sponges, making them suitable for a wide range of applications in different fields.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>bismuth, iodine, chitosan<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-016\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 166\u2013187<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Adsorption of silver ions on chitosan hydrogel beads<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Witold Sujka <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0293-6681\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Witold Sujka \u2014 0000-0003-0293-6681\" aria-label=\"ORCID Witold Sujka \u2014 0000-0003-0293-6681\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Grzegorz Rogacki<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Zofia Modrzejewska<\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Roman Zarzycki<\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.016<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ADSORPTION_OF_SILVER_IONS_ON_CHITOSAN_HYDROGEL_BEADS_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>We investigated the adsorption of silver(I) from silver nitrate (AgNO<sub>3<\/sub>) and silver sulphate (Ag<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>). We compared the adsorption ability of chitosan in the form of hydrogel beads with that of chitosan acetate \u2013 an initial solution from which the beads were derived. We developed a model of adsorption kinetics, assuming the simultaneous occurrence of the diffusion process and the chemical reaction. We confirmed and described the chemical nature of adsorption based on the Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectra.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, gels, adsorption<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"pcacd-karta\" id=\"pcacd-28-017\">\r\n<a class=\"pcacd-gora\" href=\"#pcacd-naglowek-xxviii\" title=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\" aria-label=\"Wr\u00f3\u0107 na g\u00f3r\u0119 numeru\"><span data-no-translation>\u2191<\/span><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-rodzaj\"><span class=\"pcacd-typ\" data-pcacd-type=\"original\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Artyku\u0142 oryginalny<\/span> | <span class=\"pcacd-strony\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>Strony<\/span> 188\u2013203<\/div>\r\n<h3 lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>On obtaining binary polyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan <em>Bombyx mori<\/em> with collagen<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-autorzy\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation><span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Noira Rakhimovna Vokhidova <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0477-3708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Noira Rakhimovna Vokhidova \u2014 0000-0003-0477-3708\" aria-label=\"ORCID Noira Rakhimovna Vokhidova \u2014 0000-0003-0477-3708\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Shuhrat Shamsiddinovich Khudoyberdiyev <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0696-3743\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Shuhrat Shamsiddinovich Khudoyberdiyev \u2014 0000-0002-0696-3743\" aria-label=\"ORCID Shuhrat Shamsiddinovich Khudoyberdiyev \u2014 0000-0002-0696-3743\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Ilnar Nakipovich Nurgaliev <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6983-4375\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Ilnar Nakipovich Nurgaliev \u2014 0000-0002-6983-4375\" aria-label=\"ORCID Ilnar Nakipovich Nurgaliev \u2014 0000-0002-6983-4375\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"pcacd-autor\">Sayyora Sharafovna Rashidova <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1667-4619\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href title=\"ORCID Sayyora Sharafovna Rashidova \u2014 0000-0003-1667-4619\" aria-label=\"ORCID Sayyora Sharafovna Rashidova \u2014 0000-0003-1667-4619\" class=\"pcacd-orcid\">iD<\/a><\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"pcacd-linki\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15259\/PCACD.28.017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href class=\"pcacd-doi\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>DOI: 10.15259\/PCACD.28.017<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/ON_OBTAINING_BINARY_POLYELECTROLYTE_COMPLEXES_OF_CHITOSAN_BOMBYX_MORI_WITH_COLLAGEN_PCACD_XXVIII_2023.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-no-translation-href>Pe\u0142ny tekst PDF \u2197<\/a><\/div>\r\n<details><summary>Poka\u017c abstrakt<\/summary><div class=\"pcacd-abstrakt\" lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>We obtained binary polyelectrolyte complexes containing chitosan from <em>Bombyx mori<\/em> and collagen with a mass ratio of 10:1; 10:2, and 10:3. During the interaction between the macromolecules, due to the compensation of the positive charges of chitosan with the negative charges of collagen, the zeta potential of the solutions of polyelectrolyte complexes changed from +15.2 to +5.67 mV. We revealed the dependence of the size characteristics of the particles of polyelectrolyte complexes on time and the ratio of macromolecules. An examination of the morphology of the films of polyelectrolyte complexes demonstrated that in the evaluated chitosan\/collagen mass ratios, non-spherical nanosized particles up to \u2264 60 nm form on the surface of the films. We evaluated the mechanism of formation of complexes by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and confirmed the findings with density functional theory and molecular dynamics. We found that the particle diameter is inversely proportional to the diffusion coefficient. The results show that the particles are almost uniformly distributed over the surface of the polymer matrix and have a unimodal character. We obtained reproducible results when using a chitosan\/collagen mass ratio of 10:2 to dye natural silk. We found that the complexes contribute to increase the intensity and stability of colour relative to soap and friction.<\/div><\/details>\r\n<p class=\"pcacd-slowa\"><strong>S\u0142owa kluczowe:<\/strong> <span lang=\"en\" translate=\"no\" data-no-translation>chitosan, collagen, binary complex, diffusion coefficient, hydrodynamic radius, staining intensity<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<\/div><p class=\"pcacd-brak\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden>Brak publikacji spe\u0142niaj\u0105cych kryteria wyszukiwania.<\/p><script>(function () {\r\n 'use strict';\r\n var root=document.getElementById('pcacd-artykuly-2023');\r\n if(!root||root.dataset.pcacdReady)return; root.dataset.pcacdReady='1';\r\n var input=root.querySelector('.pcacd-szukaj'), clear=root.querySelector('.pcacd-wyczysc'), empty=root.querySelector('.pcacd-brak');\r\n var scientific=Array.prototype.slice.call(root.querySelectorAll('.pcacd-karta'));\r\n var cards=Array.prototype.slice.call(root.querySelectorAll('.pcacd-karta,[data-pcacd-editorial]'));\r\n var en=\/^en\\b\/i.test(document.documentElement.lang)||\/^\\\/en(?:\\\/|$)\/.test(location.pathname);\r\n if(en){\r\n  root.querySelectorAll('[data-pcacd-editorial] .pcacd-linki a').forEach(function(a){a.textContent='Full text PDF \u2197';});\r\n  input.placeholder='Title, author, keywords or abstract\u2026'; input.setAttribute('aria-label','Search titles, author names, keywords and abstracts');\r\n  clear.title='Clear search'; clear.setAttribute('aria-label','Clear search'); empty.textContent='No articles match your search criteria.';\r\n  root.querySelector('.pcacd-tytul-listy').textContent='Search articles';\r\n  scientific.forEach(function(c){\r\n   \/\/ Jednolite etykiety PCACD w wersji EN; bez nadpisywania przez TranslatePress.\r\n   var typ=c.querySelector('.pcacd-typ');\r\n   if(typ) typ.textContent=(typ.dataset.pcacdType==='review' ? 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Bie\u017c\u0105c\u0105 dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 URL sprawd\u017a wed\u0142ug raportu. -->\n<section id=\"pcacd-finansowanie-2024\" aria-label=\"Finansowanie wydania tomu\">\n<style>\n#pcacd-finansowanie-2024,#pcacd-finansowanie-2024 * {box-sizing:border-box;}\n#pcacd-finansowanie-2024 {font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:#405269;border-top:1px solid #b9c3ce;border-radius:0px;padding:22px;margin:20px 0 0;font-size:13px;line-height:1.8;}\n#pcacd-finansowanie-2024 .pcacd-logotypy {display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:24px;background:transparent;padding:0;border-radius:0;margin-bottom:18px;}\n#pcacd-finansowanie-2024 img {display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto;object-fit:contain;mix-blend-mode:multiply;}\n#pcacd-finansowanie-2024 p {margin:0;}\n#pcacd-finansowanie-2024 a {color:#24486d;text-decoration:underline;}\n@media(max-width:600px){#pcacd-finansowanie-2024{padding:16px;}#pcacd-finansowanie-2024 .pcacd-logotypy{gap:16px;}}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"pcacd-logotypy\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\"\n    src=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/znaki_strona_www-300x100.png\"\n    alt=\"Barwy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i wizerunek god\u0142a Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej\"\n    width=\"300\"\n    height=\"100\"\n    style=\"\n      background-color: #dedede;\n      background-image: linear-gradient(\n        to bottom,\n        #ffffff 0%,\n        #ffffff 34%,\n        transparent 34%,\n        transparent 100%\n      );\n      background-size: 47% 100%;\n      background-position: left top;\n      background-repeat: no-repeat;\n      mix-blend-mode: normal;\n    \"\n  >\n\n  <img decoding=\"async\"\n    src=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Logo-od-2022.png\"\n    alt=\"Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki, Open Access i CC BY\"\n    width=\"462\"\n    height=\"50\"\n  >\n<\/div>\n<p>Opracowanie, wydanie i upowszechnienie XXVII (2022), XXVIII (2023) oraz\u00a0<span>XXIX (2024)<\/span><span> tomu czasopisma \u201cProgress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives\u201d (PCACD) <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ptchit.lodz.pl\/2022\/11\/30\/dotacje\/\"> jest finansowane ze \u015brodk\u00f3w bud\u017cetu pa\u0144stwa z programu \u201eRozw\u00f3j czasopism naukowych\u201d<\/a> Ministra Edukacji i Nauki w ramach umowy RCN\/SN\/0122\/2021\/1.<br>Dofinansowanie: 50 000 z\u0142<br>Ca\u0142kowita warto\u015b\u0107: 50 000 z\u0142<\/p>\n\n<\/section>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O czasopi\u015bmie Informacje dla autor\u00f3w Wytyczne etyki publikacyjnej Procedura redakcyjna i wydawnicza Rada programowa Dotacje XXXI (2026) XXX (2025) XXIX (2024) XXVIII (2023) XXVII (2022) XXVI (2021) XXV (2020) XXIV (2019) XXIII (2018) XXII (2017) XXI (2016) XX (2015) XIX (2014) XVIII (2013) XVII (2012) XVI (2011) XV (2010) XII (2007) XI (2006) X (2004) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_templately_pack_id":"","_templately_imported_at":"","_templately_source":"","_templately_import_session_id":"","_thinkrank_schema_form_data":"","_thinkrank_selected_schema_type":"","_thinkrank_additional_schemas":"","_thinkrank_canonical_url":"","_thinkrank_og_title":"","_thinkrank_og_description":"","_thinkrank_og_image":"","_thinkrank_twitter_title":"","_thinkrank_twitter_description":"","_thinkrank_twitter_image":"","_thinkrank_imported_from":"","_thinkrank_focus_keywords":[],"_thinkrank_focus_keyword":"","_thinkrank_robots_meta_enabled":0,"_thinkrank_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_advanced_robots_meta":"","_thinkrank_exclude_from_search":0,"_thinkrank_exclude_from_archives":0,"_thinkrank_primary_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-czasopismo-pcacd"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - 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